Information About Auto Rickshaw Engineering Essay

Information Ab come forward Auto Rickshaw engineering EssayIn some(prenominal) a(prenominal) Asian countries ricksha were ingestiond as a human sourceed mode of have a bun in the oven. The cycle ricksha in which a cart is attached to a bicycle is operated by a driver. These physical body of rickshaws tidy sum still be found in cities exchangeable Kolkata. A European missionary been to Japan invented the rickshaw in Japan at the sack of nineteenth century, the name rickshaw was derive from the Japanese expression Ji Riki Shaw which literally means vehicle propelled by manAround 1880 the original rickshaw appe atomic number 18d in India on the avenues of Simla. Some 20 years posterior some Chinese traders who used the rickshaw to transport commoditys imported few of these rickshaws to Kolkata. The same Chinese people in 1914 applied for permission to use the rickshaw to carry people and in no time all over in many south East Asian metropolis rickshaws were found.Ricksh aw offered a means of earning a alert for peasants migrating to the big cities. No whizz knows exactly how many rickshaws be on the streets of Kolkata, over a million people look to the rickshaw for their daily bowl of rice. Economists have calculated that the economic value of rickshaws and their pulling is $6 million a quarter of the budget of the whole urban transport trunk of a city like Paris. In 1940s Vespasan automobile rickshaw or the rickshaw made out of an iron body resting on three comminuted wheels, two on the idler and one in the front, a seating for three at the rear and a small cabin in the front for the driver, were seen. These rickshaws were fitted with a 2-stroke engine and a handle for steering like a scooter instead of a steering wheel.As the man pulled rickshaw started to work on labor it was known as auto rickshaw instead of rickshaw. The auto rickshaw had become so popular as a vehicle for hire that it became one of the chief modes of transport in Indi a, Srilanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Egypt, Indonesia, Laos, Philippines, Thailand and many parts of Asia and Africa. But the former version of the rickshaw is still not extinct. Considering their capacity the auto rickshaw are extremely light weight , it requires single two or three person to fully lift it of the ground and it sack up be pushed by one person when it breaks down.The auto rickshaw has many types of instances in many antithetic countries. The older version of auto rickshaw in India had a engine designed by lambretta which consumed too much of gasolene pedal hence they were phased out and engines designed by vespa took over, the most common auto rickshaws found to twenty-four hour period in India are the Bajaj auto rickshaws. At the origination the engine was under the seat of the driver which made the auto rickshaw genuinely uncomfortable for the passengers as it was very noisy and it vibrated a lot. Later on the engines were circumscribed and placed at the rear of the auto rickshaw qualification it less noisy, hence making the ride much much than comfortable for the passengers.These auto rickshaws are mainly seen as a passenger taxi vehicle in many different cities of India having a different colour for different cities, example. In Mumbai the colours of the auto rickshaw is black for the body and yellow near the windscreen and in cities like Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad its yellow for the whole vehicle.It also had a large version which is a heptad seater, which had a diesel engine but compared to the smaller three seater petrol engine auto rickshaws these big version seven seater auto rickshaws were much more noisier and they vibrated a lot, in spite of this , these seven seater were a complete success in several towns and rural areas of India as it carried more passengers and the cost of running was low compared to the petrol engine. These auto rickshaws were also modified from a passenger taxi vehicle to a well(p)s carri er vehicle to transport small amounts of goods within the city or to small distances. These goods carrier auto rickshaws came in both petrol and diesel engines and it also came in different models with different engine power.The passenger 2-stroke petrol engine was changed to a 4-stroke engine which was a very fortunate model, and later on it was changed to a CNG (compressed natural gas) engine.1.2 CURRENT bodyThere were three types of engine model in the auto rickshaw, the flush drive (BD), rear axle (RA) and the rear engine (RE)The belt drive in the belt drive model two belts ran down the side of the auto rickshaw which made the rear wheel move, in this model the wheels were not connected by an axle, in which if one of the belt snapped out that wheel was no longer driven.The rear axle in the rear axle model the auto rickshaw has a rear axle driven by a perpendicular cam-shaft extending from underneath the drivers seat which was very noisy and vibrated a lot.The rear engine in t he rear engine model the engine is located at the rear of the auto rickshaw over the rare axle, assessable from a rear hatch, these models are much quieter and less bumpy. whole of these three models were 2-stroke engines and lacked in the fuel department. The fuel tank was not sealed with a gas pump nozzle as the thank was unpressurized, hence the gas would flow faster when the tank is full than when it was half full later on a small value was located on the gas vacuum tube to adjust the gas flow. The driver also had to mix oil with the fuel as the engine was a 2-stroke engine. There was no goose egg storage placement in the belt drive and rear axle model auto rickshaw, hence the headlight, brake lights and the signals lights had to run through a generator directly off the engine, in which the bulbs fused very often. But the rear engine model had a 12V electronics system including a battery allowing steady lights.All the models of the auto rickshaw did not have an electric star ter hence the driver had to kick start the vehicle. The kick was located on the left side of the driver as a hand lever.(www.conspirators.net/armadillo/autorickshaw.html)Out of the three models the RE model was the most successful one as its engine was at the rear of the auto rickshaw making the auto rickshaw much quieter and less bumpy than the other two models, and it also had a battery allowing steady lights.Later on the 2-stroke engine was modified and replaced with 4-stroke petrol engine fitted with a electric starter. This 4-stroke engine model was very successful as compared to the 2-stroke engine.By this time the auto rickshaw also had diesel engine which made the cost of running very low and it was used as both passenger as well as a good carrier vehicle. There were many models of the petrol as well as the diesel engines with different engine capacity as shown.Bajaj 4-strokeBajaj Autorickshaw 4 strokeSpecificationsEngine4 strokeCooling TypeForced advertize CooledDisplaceme nt173ccNo. of Cylinders1Compression Ratio soap agent8.17bhpMax Power RPM5000rpmMax Torque11.5NmMax Torque RPM4000rpmIgnition TypeDCCarburettorKeihin M10 A transmission system Type4 forward and one knock overClutch TypeWet multidisc typeelectric System12V DCHead Light35/35 WHorn12V DC grade TypePressed steel sheets and sectionsFront Suspension coiled coil spring and hydraulic double acting shock absorberRear SuspensionHelical coil spring and hydraulic double acting shock absorberFront Tyre size(4.00 8).4PRRear Tyre Size(4.00 8).4PRBrakesDrum supply armoured combat vehicle Capacity8 litresReserve Capacity1 litresWheel tail end2000mmGround Clearance200mmSaddle Height780mmMinimum Turning gas constant2.88mCurb Weight295kgMaximum Payload335kgFuel Efficiency (Ideal)33kmplFuel Efficiency (Highway)32 to 35kmplFuel Efficiency (City)28 to 32kmplMax Speed55kmph* (The to a higher place model is available in Petrol, Diesel, CNG and LPG version.)Bajaj GC 1000 Bajaj Goods CarrierSpecificati onsTypeFour Stroke, Single Cylinder, IDI, Compression Ignition Cooling TypeForced Air CooledDisplacement416 ccMax Power8.5 bhp( 5.9 kW) 3600 rpmMax Torque20 Nm 2400 rpmIgnition TypeElectric startTransmission Type4 forward 1 reverse gearClutch TypeSingle plate, dry friction type, foot operatedMaximum Payload775 Kgs.Electrical SystemSystemSystem 12V DCChassisChassis TypeSemi MonologueSuspensionFront SuspensionAntidive lead link with voluted compression spring shock absorberRear SuspensionIndependent suspension with spring shock absorberTyresFront Tyre Size4.510,8PRRear Tyre Size4.510,8PRBrakesFront BrakesHydraulic brakes with auto adjusterRear BrakesHydraulic brakes with auto adjusterFuel TankFuel Tank Capacity8 litresDimensionsOverall length2960 mmOverall width1375 mmOverall height1810 mmWheel Base2025 mmGround Clearance170 mmMinimum Turning Radius2.75 mGVW990 kgLoading TrayLength (Pick up)1500 mmWidth (Pick up)1325 mmHeight (Pick up)250 mmLength (HiDec)1500 mmWidth (HiDec)1325 mmHeight (HiDec)1050 mm*Because of our ongoing efforts to make Bajaj vehicles even better, specifications are subject to change without previous notice* (The above model is available in Petrol, Diesel, CNG and LPG version.)Later on the petrol and diesel engines were replaced by CNG (compressed natural gas) engines having all the same features. And till today all the auto rickshaws in India run on CNG engine.1.3 PROBLEMS AND AIM.1.3.1 PROBLEMS CAUSE DUE TO AUTO RICKSHAWAs we are aware that anauto rickshawora three-wheeler(tuk-tuk) is a small three-wheeled operated by a single individual. They are cheap and common means of public transport in urban India and other parts of Asian countries as well as in some parts of Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, Peru and Gautamela. Autos run on CNG (Compressed Natural Gas), Petrol Dieselthough Autos are cheap and common means of transport it has its own disadvantages too1. relations issues/ overcrowding Auto rickshaws have a top-speed of around 50km/h much slower than the automobiles they share the road with. The triangular form of the vehicle makes maneuvering easy, with the single front wheel negotiating the available gap, and the rear two wheels forcing a larger space. The MMW Tuk Tuk has a top speed of around 70mph. (Ref MMW Tuk Tuk). Being a cheap means of transport people prefer them to taxis and other means of transport.Traffic authorities in big cities try to implement mechanisms to reduce the resulting traffic slowing, but none have proven effective due to overcrowding of Autos.220px-Rishshaw_stand_A veritable(prenominal) auto stand in Goa (Wikipedia)2. Outlook The modern cities and roads are designed for sleeker looking public vehicles for commuting these auto rickshaws look outdated and unconsolable and looks inferiors in front of other modern road transport vehicles.Modern city planners are looking to phase out such vehicles or promoting them to be used only in resolutions /outskirts of citiesANd9GcSbTNytJUyOcggJ 9NdIRpcmDfmYv3ZDobxZXMFc8gxuS_jheOn6_eS3QKcH ANd9GcSJLKenN3fLi3vbPlnvwMfaNIwdJQsxKzzYKer9OGtS2qCYKqX3fgPicture Rickshawchalleng.comANd9GcTkCINnKj7V2mW451StC07p2wMURq9m3UvR7DC5hZvLSXKlYo9CfsygYj37KA ANd9GcTJVF153b5V1fQ81M3SsBtQimfwGjLVVsQQ5KtlyxHq3Ux_ivxpyA Ref Cepolina.com3. Air / Noise Pollution Though CNG run autos are more eco- friendlier than petrol and diesel autos. However, one fact was completely ignored that is noise pollution due to gas engine. With running of so many autos on concrete road surface, because of rigidity it creates more noise. The Noise level on the road during night is much more than the specified by the The Noise Pollution Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 India.Carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and nitrous oxide is emitted out is in abundance ca employ health issues. Besides Carbon, huge dust particles remains suspended in the air due to the constant movement of autos which is leading to breathlessness and various other health problems. (Ref The Cityfix)To a ssess the impact caused by nearly 1, 00,000 auto rickshaws, the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) monitored the atmospheric quality, at two areas in the City Railway Station and S G Halli, on the day of auto strike and the day before the strike. aboriginal wad Stand Majestic area has the most dense auto traffic, at any time of day, due to the presence of the railway station and KSRTC bus stand. most between 30% to 40% of the Citys auto rickshaws ply here. This area has reported a steep reduction in oxides of Nitrogen, upto 58.8%, on the strike day. Impressive isnt it?A clear reduction in levels of Sulphur di oxide (SO2) and Respiratory Particulate Matter (RSPM) too were reported in both areas. Oxides of Carbon reduced by 33.3% at Majestic. It is known that most of the autos in City, roughly 65,000, are two-stroke ones and with incomplete combustion in them causes pollution. These autos are the ones which are 40% air polluters in Bangalore, according to KSPCB.(Ref m oneymint.in)1.3.2 put of the projectThe aim of the project is to run the auto rickshaw on a electrical motor with the help of solar energy.1.4 objectiveTo review the underway systemTo replace the flow rate systemChapter 2 STARTCURREENT SYSTEM OF AUTORICKSHAWJOURNALSARTICLESRESEARCHPARAMETRIC DESIGNINTERNETDRAFT3D MODELCFDFEA sustainCONCLUSIONENDChapter 3 LITERATURE REVIEW.3.1 journal on solar panels on vehiclesSolar panels have photovoltaic cells (PVC) which are used in solar vehicles, the suns energy is born-again into electricity we can use by the help of these photovoltaic cell. Solar panels can cost upto 400$ each which is a very expensive technology. The price of the solar panels varies from panel to panel depending on how fast the panel can capture and convert the energy. In 2006 the Venturi Eclectic was presented at the genus Paris auto show. This car used solar and wind energy but could onlt travel upto 30 miles per hour. There are many benefits of a solar vehicle, in that location is no noise pollution as the panels panels work silently, the energy one gets is forfeit and has zero percent emission. The Toyota prius has a pertly solar roof that can power the car for at least 20 miles longer.(www.aboutmyplanet.com/alternative-energy/solar/facts-solar-powered/)Working of a solar vehicleSolar vehicle completely depends on the energy of the sun. Unlike any other solar device the solar panels on a solar vehicle has to harness the energy from the sun. These solar panels consist of hundreds or thousands of solar cell arranged neatly ultra pure mono crystalline silicon and reach efficiencies up to 20 % ie . this percentage is converted into electricity from the total solar energy falling on the panels. The electrons are charged by the photons (light particles) when sunlight hits the solar panels, this makes the electron to move one later of the solar cell to another. Thus electrical current is growd due to the energetic movements of the electrons bet ween the layers of the solar cell. This electric current is transferred to the battery pack when the electric motor is switched off. When the conditions are not sunny the power from the battery is used. The technology of the battery pack is similar to teh cell which powers our i-pods and cell phone made up of lithium ion cells. Using a 220V power outlet the battery pack can be fully charged in 3 hours or a day of use only solar panels.Compared to the normal vehicles the solar vehicles have a different transmission system. Power the motor is controlled by two components called Motor controllers and Power trackers. The job of the motor controller s are to convert the DC power from the batteries or solar panels to AC electricity for the motor. By simply panorama the frequency of the AC output one can manipulate the speed of the motor.The job of the power trackers is to maintain a suitable level by correcting the current when the energy is used to charge the batteries, it boost the v oltage. Changes in sunlight, temperature and assorted factor makes the power output in solar panels to vary, in which necessary continuous standardization and adjustment is required, this done by the power tracker.A solar vehicles body is designed to cover three benefits to maximize energyIt should be lightweight.It should have good aerodynamics.And large flat surface area for maximum number of solar panels.(www.aboutmyplanet.com/environment/solar-work/)3.2Articles on auto rickshaws3.2.1Without chargers, solar rickshaws gather dustIn Chandigarh the ecesis provided a public transport system in the form of solar rickshaws has fallen flat. These lot of first 10 eco friendly vehicles provided by the administration are now in the municipal corporation gathering dust upon them.Later on by random selection these vehicles were given to some rickshaw drivers. At various location in the city charging points were to be provided by the municipal corporation for charging these rickshaws which were not done. Disappointed by the municipal corporation these vehicles were returned back to the municipal corporation.These jet-propelled plane rickshaws weighted about 210 kg and had a speed of 15 to 20 km per hour and had a solar battery that lasted for 6 hours or 70 km on which these rickshaws were operated. It took about 5 hours to charge these batteries with the help of charging units which had to be connected to solar panels. In order to make this scheme successful the municipal corporation has to set up charging units at different location in the city.People would also prefer these green rickshaws to some extend compared to the diesel or petrol version of the rickshaws as it addressed environment concerns.(http//timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/without-chargers-solar-rickshaws-gather-dust/articleshow/6766082.cms)3.2.2Solar rickshaws find no takersBANGALORE Indias Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) launched a solar rickshaw with great fanfare tw o years ago had found no takers yet. While is causing concern a engineer from Pune claimed that his design was copied by CSIR. Solecksaw which is three wheeled, in principle can use electricity to drive the motor by converting sunlight with the help of solar panels. It was promoted as a green rickshaw as it did not contribute to global warming as it emits no gases, and was developed by a unit of CSIR which is know as Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI) which is Durgapur, West Bengal.But the solecksaw has not caught on in spite of its high voltage publicity. Till now in the markets these rickshaws have not been sold on commercial basis, said the head of the manufacturing technology group at CMERI Mr. Amit Banerjee In Delhi, Durgapur, Kolkata, Jaipur, Chandigarh, Dhanbad, and Ahmedabad, around 30 soleckshaws which were fabricated at CMERI were deployed initially for demonstration said senior adviser Mr. Himadri Maiti . He also admitted that they are not in op eration currently due to various local anaesthetic management and administrative problems.The Central Electronics Limited did set-up some charging stations at few places but these stations are not been used to charge the soleckshaws batteries as the vehicle in those location are not operating said Mr. Himadri Maiti.At least 1000 solecksaws were to be deployed in the common wealth games village in Delhi was the plan of CSIR which was abandoned as the Games Organising Committee backed out on the device, on the plea of security issues, to which they had agreed initially.Mr. Himadi Maiti also said the proposal by CSIR to operate at least 10 solecksaws for delivering post under a pilot projectAnd the CSIRs proposal to operate at least 10 soleckshaws for postal delivery under a pilot project in Rajashtans Ajmer district is still pending with the postal department, he said.3.2.3Web messenger drives polite travails for noble causeBANGALORE Vivan Philips a post graduate student of psycho logy is the common mans messenger who take the common mans problems to the government by collating peoples votes on small yet crucial issues. Last year around June he launched a website www.consciousevolutionmovement.com where people can file their petitions with a big banner he was at Cubbon park for two issues ensuring wall climbers on metro rail pillars and urging manufactures to issue non-polluting auto rickshaw asking for votes.Vivian is still on the same campaign this year having some interesting observationsA majority of volunteers and voters he got for these issues are student. The wall climbers campaign got the maximum response and the introduction of non-polluting auto rickshaw or immediately even replacing them this issue was supported by many college students.Two other issues were recently added by him following the public demands, which included ski lift enough funds to educate every under- privileged child and mass production of solar panels by the government.http//t imesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Web-messenger-drives-civic-campaigns-for-noble-cause/articleshow/5761342.cms.3.3Information on solar panelsA solar panel is a device that collects photons of sunlight, which are very small packets of electromagnetic radiation energy, and converts them into electrical current that can be used to power electrical loads.The use of solar energy started more than 100 years back, at the beginning solar power was just used to produce move to run some machinery. This was until the discovery by Henri Becquerel of photovoltaic effect allowed to convert solar energy (sunlight) into electrical energy.Becquerels discovery then led Charles Fritts to invent the first genuine solar cell in 1893 which was made by coating sheets of selenium with a thin layer of gold, from this arised the device we know today a solar panel.An American inventor named Russel Ohl patented the worlds first silicon solar cell in 1941. Ohls invention led to the production of the fi rst solar panelin 1954. These new solar panels were first used in space satellites, but today solar panels and complete solar panel systems are used to power a wide variety of applications.How does an solar panel work?Solar Photovoltaic Power System DiagramSolar panels collect sunlight which is a mop renewable source of energy and convert it into electricity. This electricity can be use to run electrical loads. Solar panels are made up of many individual solar cell which are composed of layers of silicon, boron (which provides the positive charge) and phosphorous (which provides the negative charge). The photons are absorbed by the solar panels and in doing so an electric current is initiated. The resulting energy is produced from photons striking the solar panel surface which allow electrons to be knocked out of their atomic orbits and released into the electric field generated by the solar cell which then pull these free electrons into a directional current. This entire process i s know as the photovoltaic effect.An average home can produce enough electricity using solar panels for all of its electrical load, as it has enough roof area for number of solar panels. As solar panels produce direct current (DC) it cannot be used to support electrical load, but with the help of an invertor that converts direct current into alternating current (AC), one can use the electricity to support electrical loads, different size of solar panel arrays meet different demanding electrical loads. The direct current produced by a solar panel which can converted into alternating current by the help of invertors can be used to power different loads in a commercial building or a house, it can also be used to power remote traffic controls, boat, vehicles, telecommunication equipments and many such machinery.Benefits of solar panelsProducing electricity using solar panels is a very practical way for many applications. This is very beneficial to people who live off-grid, off- grid mea ns living in a location where there is no electrical supply from the main electric utility grid. Many homes and cabins in a remote areas benefits using a solar panel system, as compared to the huge fees for installing a electric utility poles from the main grid access point, solar power system is less expensive and if maintained in good order can provide power for nearly three decades.The greatest benefits one can enjoy by using solar power is that it is a clean and renewable source of energy, as global climate change is the biggest problem we face today it is very weighty to reduce the pressure on the atmosphere from the emission of greenhouse gases. Solar panels require very less maintenances as it has no moving parts and if properly maintained can last for decades.Once the installation cost is been paid of a solar power system the electricity it produce is absolutely free for the rest of the systems lifespan that could be upto 15 20 years depending on the quality of the system, due to this one can eliminate the monthly electric bills and it can also be an additional income, because if one uses less power than the total power produced by the solar system the excess power can be sold to the electric utility company.(http//www.mrsolar.com/content/what-is-a-solar-panel.php)