Definition and Examples of Headwords in English

In English  grammar, a head is the key word that determines the nature of a phrase (in contrast to any modifiers or determiners). For example, in a noun phrase, the head is a noun or pronoun (a tiny sandwich). In an adjective phrase, the head is an adjective (completely inadequate). In an adverb phrase, the head is an adverb (quite clearly). A head is sometimes called a  headword, though this term shouldnt be confused with the more common use of headword to mean  a word placed at the beginning of an entry in a glossary, dictionary, or other reference work. Also Known As head word (HW), governor Examples and Observations Louis, I think this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship.(Humphrey Bogart as Rick in Casablanca, 1942)As the leader of all illegal activities in Casablanca, I am an influential and respected man.(Sydney Greenstreet as Senor Ferrari in Casablanca, 1942)The head of the noun phrase a big man is man, and it is the singular form of this item which relates to the co-occurrence of singular verb forms, such as is, walks, etc.; the head of the verb phrase has put is put, and it is this verb which accounts for the use of object and adverbial later in the sentence (e.g. put it there). In phrases such as men and women, either item could be the head.(David Crystal, A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Wiley-Blackwell, 2003) Testing for Heads Noun phrases must contain a head. Most frequently this will be a noun or pronoun, but occasionally it can be an adjective or determiner. The heads of noun phrases can be identified by three tests: 1. They cannot be deleted. 2. They can usually be replaced by a pronoun. 3. They can usually be made plural or singular (this may not be possible with proper names). Only test 1 holds good for all heads: the results for 2 and 3 depend on the type of head. (Jonathan Hope, Shakespeares Grammar. Bloomsbury, 2003) Determiners as Heads Determiners may be used as heads, as in the following examples: Some arrived this morning. I have never seen many. He gave us two Like third person pronouns these force us to refer back in the context to see what is being referred to. Some arrived this morning makes us ask Some what?, just as He arrived this morning makes us ask Who did? But there is a difference. He stands in place of a whole noun phrase (e.g. the minister) while some is part of a noun phrase doing duty for the whole (e.g. some applications). . . . Most determiners occurring as heads are back-referring [that is, anaphoric]. The examples given above amply illustrate this point. However, they are not all so. This is especially the case with this, that, these, and those. For instance, the sentence Have you seen these before? could be spoken while the speaker is pointing to some newly built houses. He is then not referring back to something mentioned, but referring out to something outside the text [that is, exophora]. (David J. Young, Introducing English Grammar. Taylor Francis, 2003)   Narrower and Wider Definitions There are two main definitions [of head], one narrower and due largely to Bloomfield, the other wider and now more usual, following work by R.S. Jackendoff in the 1970s. 1. In the narrower definition, a phrase p has a head h if h alone can bear any syntactic function that p can bear. E.g. very cold can be replaced by cold in any construction: very cold water or cold water, I feel very cold or I feel cold. Therefore the adjective is its head and, by that token, the whole is an adjective phrase. 2. In the wider definition, a phrase p has a head h if the presence of h determines the range of syntactic functions that p can bear. E.g. the constructions into which on the table can enter are determined by the presence of a preposition, on. Therefore the preposition is its head and, by that token, it is a prepositional phrase.

Socrates And Confucius. Numerous Thoughts And Behaviors

Socrates and Confucius Numerous thoughts and behaviors of people are influenced noticeably or invisibly by our society and culture. Compare Westerners with Easterners, plenty of ideas they share are in common. Whereas, the special identities which come from their own culture changed them differently. Along with the development of human culture, great ancient thinkers and philosophers contributed their life to influence people’s beliefs, thoughts, and behaviors from generation to generation. Socrates from a Western country and Confucius from an Eastern country were considered the famous philosophers in their times. They both educated people with their thoughts, got involved in politics, and pursued virtue in their life,†¦show more content†¦While in Eastern countries, professors plan to serve knowledge to students directly, and students don’t need to talk very much in classes. Students are being tested frequently each week for each subject. That’s one of the reasons that cause Eastern students don’t know how to talk effectively in class but do well on exams. Although Socrates and Confucius got involved in politics, their attitudes towards politics were not alike. Socrates tried not to be involved in politics because he already knew that if he acted to prevent something wrong happening in politics, he would be in danger. But unluckily, his idea of impious against politics in Greek, and finally he was sentenced to death for insisting his faith (â€Å"Socrates 469 BC...†, n.d.). Differently, Confucius worked hard to get into politics during his entire life. He already had a picture to be a politician and how to talk and act carefully. Unfortunately, his vision of ethics was opposite to the legalistic minds (â€Å"Center for Global†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , 2017). Even though he got a government job, he was still rejected by surrounding politicians which forced Confucius giving up his job in government and contribute his life into t eaching other people (â€Å"United Religions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , 2002). These two situations about Socrates and Confucius showed the alterations of politics between Western and Eastern countries. In Western countries, people’s minds are veryShow MoreRelated Plagiarism Essay2916 Words   |  12 Pagesdialogue, and reading (for those who pay attention) becomes an integral part of our thought--we assimilate the ideas of others. Thus, what we may think and say is not necessarily of our own origin, but rather it is a conglomeration of the ideas of others in conjunction with our own native thoughts and understanding--such is human nature. However, there is a fundamental difference between this assimilation of idea and thought through socialization/education versus plagiarism. Plagiarism is defined, as theRead MoreSimilarities Between Confucianism And Christianity1849 Words   |  8 PagesTraditions Encounters: Chapter 8, page 185: â€Å"Confucius emphasized personal qualities like ren, li, and xiao because he believed that individuals who possessed those traits would gain influence in the larger society...only through enlightened leadership by morally strong individuals was there any hope for the restoration of political and social order in China† This quote demonstrates the main three principles that Confucianism was based upon are what Confucius believed would better society. These principlesRead MoreThe View of Death in the Chinese Culture Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pagessocial philosophy than a religion in the accepted meaning of the word. It has no church, no clergy, and no Bible. It advocates a code of social behavior that man ought to observe so as to live in harmony with society and attain happiness in his individual life. There is little concern about death, the world beyond, and spiritual feelings in this religion. Confucius, or Kung Fu-tzo (551-479 B.C.), the founder of this religion, stressed the improvement of the moral self as the basic du ty of the individualRead MoreThe Theories Of The Theory Of Psychology1493 Words   |  6 PagesPsychology develop from its prescientific roots in early understands of both mind and body to the present beginning of modern science by the numerous contributions of many philosophers. These ideas that are recorded could be traced back to Asia and Europe, where the religions and ideas of Buddha and Confucius is originated. Ancient Hebrews, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are the philosophers that became very intrigued with how the mind and body works and debated several reasons that may be the answerRead MoreTraditional and Contemporary Issues and Challenges14128 Words   |  57 Pagesincluding scientific and administrative management, and note its relevance to contemporary managers. 3. Summarize and evaluate the behavioral perspective on management, including the Hawthorne studies, human relations movement, and organizational behavior, and note its relevance to contemporary managers. 4. Summarize and evaluate the quantitative perspective on management, including management science and operations management, and note its relevance to contemporary managers. 5. Discuss the systems

Decoupling Global Environmental Pressure -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Decoupling Global Environmental Pressure? Answer: Introduction Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the most accurate way of measuring the growth rate of a country. It is the standard practice to calcite the GDP of a country and compares it with others to get the current economic position of that country. GDP is defined as the total sum of all the goods and services produced in the sovereignty of a particular country. This report is a discussion about the GDP rate of Australia dating back ten years from now. Since it covers all the aspects of economic system it becomes the most prominent indicator of the economy of a country. GDP data from Australia is displayed by National Accounts and is computed by Australian Bureau of Statistics which derives its data from System of National Accounts. GDP of Australia had a moderate growth rate before the economic crisis in 2008 (Al-mulali, Fereidouni and Sab 2013). Australia is known to be a free and robust market and has been like this since long. It has almost all the natural resources in abundance complemente d by its government which looks after its economyin a vibrant manner. Presence of efficient legal system and well-structured bureaucracy has led to the entrepreneurial development of Australia which has kept its economy in a healthy and prosperous state. Australia has always been the favorite destination for investors for establishing business ventures and investing in projects of all kinds.As Australian industries are open to foreign competition and the workforce available in the country is adequately skilled. Australian government has reduced their interference in many sectors of economy which has made way for foreign investors to take part in the development of its economy. In the following report discussion about the GDP and economic growth of Australia is done with complete analysis. Background Australia has a unique demography which has benefited it in more than one ways. It is a continent country surrounded by ocean from all its sides. It has been one of the most well-to-do economies in the entire Asia-Pacific region. It has expanded its economy continuously since last 25 years with some hindrances coming from the global financial crisis in 2008 (Plumb, Kent and Bishop 2013). But even in those troubled times it came out without much damage. Australian Labor Government has done some stimulus spending which has increased the deficit of the government. Australia is known to be a competitive global market with a stronghold on sectors such as technology, services and high-end products of manufacturing. Mining, livestock production and agriculture are the major modes of production in Australia and is done extensively. These factors are the major contributors to the economy of Australia and hence to its gross domestic product. In support of this, it has been observed that Austra lia has made significant economic progress in the last decade with the help of strong macroeconomic policy, strong development in commodity base and structural reforms of the government.The standard of living of the citizens of Australia has increased due to which economic challenges have tightened. Computation of Australian GDP There are three methods applied by the Australian Bureau of Statistics to calculate the GDP of Australia. The first one is approaches of income, thesecond one is the production and thelast one is expenditure. The approach for production contains all the values of produces and the difference between services rendered and values of goods produced in the country. It also adds the consumption and taxes on the goods produced such as mineral oil, tobacco and taxes imposed upon them (rba.gov.au 2017). Subsidies on the respective products are subtracted to give the final GDP. The expenditure method calculates the cost incurred on final consumption of the products which includes services as well as goods. This method also includes the final expenditure of households, total consumption expenditure of the government, formation of capital and next exports. Finally, the income method calculates the total revenue generated by the economy which includes compensation given by employees, thegross sur plus in operations, mixed-income derived from taxes after deducting the subsidies on imports and production. Rebalancing Commodity Prices with GDP Since the time of commodity boom, theeconomy of Australia is rebalancing itself with the help of currency depreciation and macroeconomic policies. Development of non-mining sectors of theeconomy has supported the growth to 3% and has even reduced the employment rate.Interest rates in the country have been low which has increased the aggregate demand and has allowed the investors to take risks (rba.gov.au 2017). This has resulted in price hikes in the mortgage and lending. RD As a Part of GDP To sustain the growth in production there should be synchronization in the innovation and the manufacturing sectors. The Australian government has created frameworks for research and development which is linked directly to the sectors of theeconomy which requires constant upgradation to stay in the global competition. Innovation needs reforms in the labor market and capital market to introduce new business models. With the collaboration of business strategies and RD, good amount of production growth can be achieved (rba.gov.au 2017). Australian governments National Innovation and Science Agenda has given anew dimension to this approach. Funding for all these activities has been incorporated in the GDP calculated for one financial year. This has helped the GDP and economy of Australia to become robust. Increase in Household Income and Wealth In the last decade, Australia has been suffering from unemployment due to the end of thecommodity boom. There have been rising concerns about economic inequality in the country. A gap has been created between the indigenous community of Australia and other citizens regarding the socio-economic status and income groups. GDP of Australia provides funding for innovation to develop the skillset of its underprivileged people (rba.gov.au 2017). Restructuring of the payment systems can reduce the gender wage gap which has also developed in the last decade. Macro-Economic Developments During the tough times of global economic crisis, the economy of Australia stood its ground due to its strong macroeconomic policy, buoyant financial system and high prices of thecommodity.The economic adjustments made in the super cycle of commodity prices has been a major part of the economic development in the last decade and has progressed very smoothly. Huge decline in the resource-sector has been observed from 9% of GDP to 4.5% of GDP and there has been a fall in resource sector employment as well as many large construction projects were in their completion phase (rba.gov.au 2017).The decline in global prices of coal and iron has been observed in 2011 due to which large investments were cut down by the investors to reduce the production costs. Subsequently, Australia suffered the risk of low growth and declining investments in private-sector due to doubtful investments and weak nature of global trade. To counterbalance these negative scenarios policy settings of flexible nature was deployed by the Australian government by setting up a helpful macroeconomic policy. The economy also faced depreciation in the exchange rates resulting in export decline and scarce revenue from tourism industry which makes a good chunk of the GDP of Australia. Wage growth and CPI (Consumer Price inflation) remained passive in the last decade. CPI was observed to be low from the expected target range of 2 to 3 percent as stated by the Reserve Bank of Australia (rba.gov.au 2017). Nominal wage-growth has also remained low due to the lackluster condition of the labor market which also included part-time jobs. This decline in nominal GDP growth rate has taken a toll on the financial goals of the government which were not reached as per expectations. In the last decade, Australia experienced a substantial current account deficit which was expected to reduce in the coming years. But this risk posed by current account deficit does not bother Australian economy as ahuge piece of foreign debt was dominated by Australian dollar and the remaining debt was hedged against the flu ctuations of the exchange rates.It was observed that Australian debt was increasing consistently however it was in the middle position when compared to other countries. Australian government issued only Australian dollar as the mode of exchange. Macro Prudential Measures On the account of risk taken by the households and banks, some measure was announced by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority in relation to the lending practices for the households. Some measures concentrated on: Increase high-risk mortgage lending and to the extent to which they went in terms of prices. The speed of growth in lending for household made by an investor. The buffer of interest rate and loan services assessment. Investments in Non-Mining Sector A recovery phase was observed in the non-mining sector, increasing the hopes of job growth and economic consolidation.Some indicators showed that there waspurchase of new machinery and investments were made to make the employees work for more hours. Private business was observed to expand by 1.1% every quarter after experiencing about 12 quarters of negative growth in the private sector investment (rba.gov.au 2017). Tax, Fiscal Consolidation and Reforms on Expenditure When compared to other countries of South-East Asia, theburden of tax, expenditure on public services, and public debt were low in the last decade. After the financial crisis is 2008, Australian government authorities extended proper support to keep its economy out of recession. The federal deficit was observed to be 2.4% of GDP which is way below 4.2% as it was recorded before the crisis (Lee 2013).The fiscal policy makes of Australia made a balanced budget. State governments do not have much part in budget preparation as their stance in this matter is very small. It was mostly decided that target of 1% surplus in GDP growth rate will be targeted for each year to keep out the burden of debt-GDP ratio.The analysis suggested that surplus of 1% will close the gap of debt-GDP ratio to 25% in 2025-26 and will zero the gap till 2040 (McLean 2012). Personal income tax onsets are not routinelyincorporated in Australia.This gives leverage for flexiblealteration of the tax schedule to be a po rtion of structural reforms. Resilience in Banking The financial crisis of 2008 does not leave the banks of Australia in much troubled waters but attracted tighter regulations and practices.Banks changed their course of business from lending in short-term towards deposits (rba.gov.au 2017). According to the Murray Inquiry capital ratios had reached their lending limits as prescribed by the banking regulators. The Murray Inquiry highlighted that consolidation of bank pliability should also include new practices to curtail the expenses to the public on the occurrence of bank failure.The inquirysuggested the formation of a loss captivating and recapitalizationstructurein accordance with international scenarios to permitactualpurpose with reduced risk to taxpayer funds.The apprehensionofpower of banking directive has provoked efforts to recognize and removerewards for banks in regulatory procedures. Stance of Australian Economy The financial position of Australia ended up being strong as it is right now. According to the recent survey conducted cross-country, debt can reduce the output growth by 70%-90% of GDP. This means that since Australia has gross debt of 44%, it can take fiscal blows and can still stimulate growth (Kubiszewski, Jackson and Aylmer 2013). Australia could route a significantly larger deficit for some period of time without flirting with the limits recommended above.When the risks due to weak fiscal positionemerge, the government should dynamically use fiscal policy to provision the economy, as they did in 2008-09. Since trade in Australia is moderately regulated the value of exports and imports compute to about 41% of the Australian GDP. This leaves the authorities with a cushion to tackle any fluctuations in the GDP growth rate. Growth was largely based on the amalgamation of robust public investment and net exports, restrained public consumption and household depletion and soft busines s speculation. It could have happened that GDP could increase to the Reserve Bank of Australias forecast of yearly growth of around 2.75% by the end of each year, but it would need large spending practices from consumers which were not probable then. Current Scenario Australia is the only country in the group of OECD countries who have experienced the longest span of economic growth in spite of the threats made by Global Financial Crisis in 2008. Every other country in the group of 34 member countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have gone through at least one phase of two successive quarters of adverse GDP growth since 1991 (Dijk, Timbal and Viney 2013). Comparative growth statistics of Australia are based on the progress accounts collected by the OECD. These statsreflect that there are only two other countries who came close to corresponding Australias recent economic high the first one being Japan and the second is Netherlands. Economic supremacy of Australia over the past decade has been the cause of jealousy for many countries across the world. Australia cruised through the Global Economic Crisis of 2008 and outgrew every other peer country. Australia's real GDP developed by yearly average of 2.7% betw een the years 2012 and 2016 which was well ahead of the economic giants such as U.S and U.K (rba.gov.au 2017). As of today, the economy of Australiaisthe largestmixed market, with a GDP of AUD $1.69 trillion (Cecchetti and Kharroubi 2012). Australia is the second richest country in terms ofwealthper adult. There are a number of economic rating agencies such as Standard Poor who rate the economic condition of Australia as the most stable and favorable for establishing and expanding any kind of business. Being a mixed economy it has the potential to nurture and grow the business ventures (rba.gov.au 2017). Moreover, the government is also very supportive and is always concerned about the private players who are keen oninvesting in theAustralian economy. Such a smooth and congenial atmosphere for business is rewarded by strength and dynamism by large deep-pocketed investors that is why Australia has absorbed the crisis situation like a superior economy and has grown consistently since the last decade. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above report that Australia is endowed with all the natural resources which are necessary for a country to be self-sustainable and to prosper without the aid of any foreign entity. Australia is very rich in its business prospects and has a number of investors prying in the opportunity to invest in the economy of the country. To honor this feeling of trust in the economic competence of Australia, its government does a lot to keep the status-quo of the economy maintained. In the above report, economic growth and GDP growth of the country has been discussed in details. The report contains the analysis of policies applied by the Australian Government to tackle the global financial crisis and to come out of it without getting seriously inflicted by its damages. Australia has a robust service and banking sector which were likely to be affected by the crisis but it came out withflyingcolors.Australia is the only country in the group of some very resilient econom ies which has continued its streak of growth since last 25 years which is a very big thing to happen. As of now, Australia is in a much comfortable economic position with GDP growth rate more than superpower countries like the United States and the United Kingdom. Reference Al-mulali, U., Fereidouni, H.G., Lee, J.Y. and Sab, C.N.B.C., 2013. Examining the bi-directional long run relationship between renewable energy consumption and GDP growth.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,22, pp.209-222. Cecchetti, S.G. and Kharroubi, E., 2012. Reassessing the impact of finance on growth. Dijk, A.I., Beck, H.E., Crosbie, R.S., Jeu, R.A., Liu, Y.Y., Podger, G.M., Timbal, B. and Viney, N.R., 2013. The Millennium Drought in southeast Australia (20012009): Natural and human causes and implications for water resources, ecosystems, economy, and society.Water Resources Research,49(2), pp.1040-1057. Kubiszewski, I., Costanza, R., Franco, C., Lawn, P., Talberth, J., Jackson, T. and Aylmer, C., 2013. Beyond GDP: Measuring and achieving global genuine progress.Ecological Economics,93, pp.57-68. Lee, J.W., 2013. The contribution of foreign direct investment to clean energy use, carbon emissions and economic growth.Energy Policy,55, pp.483-489. McLean, I.W., 2012.Why Australia prospered: The shifting sources of economic growth. Princeton University Press. Plumb, M., Kent, C. and Bishop, J., 2013.Implications for the Australian economy of strong growth in Asia. Reserve Bank of Australia. rba.gov.au 2017.Chart Pack-Australian GDP Growth and Inflation | RBA. [online] Reserve Bank of Australia. Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/chart-pack/au-gdp-growth.html [Accessed 21 Sep. 2017]. Schandl, H., Hatfield-Dodds, S., Wiedmann, T., Geschke, A., Cai, Y., West, J., Newth, D., Baynes, T., Lenzen, M. and Owen, A., 2016. Decoupling global environmental pressure and economic growth: Scenarios for energy use, materials use and carbon emissions.Journal of Cleaner Production,132, pp.45-56. Schneider, F. and Kearney, A.T., 2013. The shadow economy in Europe, 2013.Johannes Kepler Universitat, Linz. Shahbaz, M., Khan, S. and Tahir, M.I., 2013. The dynamic links between energy consumption, economic growth, financial development and trade in China: fresh evidence from multivariate framework analysis.Energy economics,40, pp.8-21.

Howard Stern Essay Example For Students

Howard Stern Essay Goodbye Good ProgrammingWhen one thinks of original, successful radio shows in the U.S., one show definitely comes to mind, Howard Stern. The Howard Stern morning radio show has been the most successful radio show on the radio for some time now. Howard Stern created a show unlike any other; it is a morning radio show that has it all. The show has interviews with famous people, listeners can call in to the show with there opinions, current news, and most notably its sexual content and controversial opinions on what is happening in the world we live in. The show has always pushed the limits of freedom of speech while at the same time opened new doors and ideas within the limits. Currently in our country this show has become under fire by our government and is very close to being taken off the airwaves. This is just one show that is in jeopardy of being taken off the air. Recently our government through its administrative agency for communications, the FCC, has decided to send a message to the corporate media to clean up their broadcasts. The FCC defines indecency as:1. An average person, applying contemporary community standards, must find that the material, as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest. 2. The material must depict or describe, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct specifically defined by applicable law. 3. The material, taken as a whole, must lack serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. The fine for broadcast indecency has been raised to $275,000.00 from $27,500.00 per instance. The problem that has arisen from this new interest in cleaning up broadcasts to protect the general public from being exposed to this indecency is that some of our best programming is in jeopardy. There are some huge corporations behind this programming such as Time Warner, Viacomm, Clear Channel, etc. these corporations are becoming concerned that the government is starting to focus attention on how big they have become and how much power they have to control the media. Unfortunately, because of this new motivation to control our programming to the FCCfs liking one avenue of our freedom of speech is being taken away from us. The public programming we currently have is perfectly acceptable and almost to conservative. Itfs not like we have one TV or radio station that everyone is forced to watch. If you donft like what your watching or listening to you can just change the channel or turn it o ff. There are also a lot of parental controls available that prevent kids from watching shows of adult content but ultimately it is the parents responsibility to monitor and control what they want their children to watch or listen to. I think the government is over stepping there bounds here and trying to control what our society is consuming from the media. At the same time I feel corporate media is almost a monopoly. There are only a handful of major companies that control all facets of our media. They have to much control over what is broadcast to our society and all of these companies basically are part of a community that has standards that all abide by. These standards have been adopted by our society and give this monopolistic force the power to mold and structure what our society watches and listens to having great influence on what we are led to believe. With this new push from the government these corporations are becoming nervous that they may be broken down and regulated ; hence, losing their power and a lot of their money. This new interest in what our society is being broadcast has started a chain reaction that is in the end only going to penalize and deprive us of original, creative and controversial programming. The corporations are now on the defensive and doing anything to keep themselves from being split up and regulated. They are now trying to act as the governmentfs agent and do the dirty work of singling out programming to deem inappropriate and unacceptable for our society. What is happening is that we are moving towards having programming that will be based on a very conservative view and only on one interpretation of the law of indecency. The government is going after what they believe is a problem in the wrong way. What they need to do is go after this corporate monopolistic community and break them apart. If the playing field is leveled there will be more competition and new programming will arise, programming that will be aimed at th e benefit of our society. Something needs to be done and fast. Our government was created to protect the interest of all the people who live in this country, and the constitution was constructed to protect the people from our government. We cannot let our government rewrite our constitution to meet there interests. Our right to freedom of speech is one of the most important rights we have and we cannot sit here and let it be taken away or altered.

How Globalization Has Affected Americans

Globalization can be defined as increased unification of economic order at the international level through reduction of the several of blockades to international trade such as exportation cost, import rations and levy. Globalization is mainly intended at to raising goods, services and material wealth through division of labour in the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How Globalization Has Affected Americans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The attainment of this important component of trade is accelerated by specialization, good international relations and competition. Globalization generally describes the procedure by which local society’s customs and economies amalgamate through trade, communication and transportation. Globalization can be determined by a mishmash of political, technological, economic, biological and socio-cultural factors. It entails multinational exchange of ideas, trendy cultures and languages through assimilation. Factors that led to globalization include increased mass movement and migration, technologies in transportation, increased economic movement, combinations of industries and international concords.A world or state that has undergone the process can be alleged to have been globalized. Globalization has greatly impacted the world today, its effect can be felt everywhere in politics, economics, finance, language, ecology, culture, religion, technology, industry and information. Contemporary Globalization Contemporary analysts correlate globalization with deterritorialization. This is whereby social activities continue to grow irrespective of geographical position of the participants. To draw this conclusion, these analysts used computers and other telecommunication technologies and examined global events. These kinds of events occur almost everywhere and anywhere in the world. They therefore defined contemporary globalization as increased possible ac tions among people living in different longitudinal and latitudinal location. The distance does not affect social activities that take place in the location.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Deterritorialization exists or manifests itself in businesses that people do in different continents with the help of electronic commerce. For example, television enables people in different parts of the world to observe how terrible wars waged far away from their homes impact the world. Moreover increased technology inventions enable people to hold seminars by use of video conferencing apparatus whereby those involved are located in different geographical positions. The internet also enables people to instantaneously communicate with each other despite the long distance that separates the two. By examining the current interconnectedness of social growth which has surpassed the political and geographical limits recent theorists have able been to put globalization into a clear perspective. According to their views, globalization majorly concerns the way in which distant forces and events impact regional and local endeavours (Vallas, Finlay Wharton, 188). An encyclopaedia is an example of detteritorialized social space given that it permits exchange of ideas. The book can be used by other students in different geographical areas to access the same knowledge and ideas in a particular topic. Therefore, contemporary globalization can be defined as processes which have an impact on life in local institution as a result of environmental events and decisions. This means that any social activity can influence more or less events in different geographical location. The impact and the degree of activities taking place may also vary; environmental events can either have a huge impact or less impact on different events in particular areas. This means that the degree of intercon nectedness across different frontiers can be easily predicted and regulated (Vallas, Finlay, Wharton, 190). Contemporary globalization involves social acceleration. Interconnectedness and deterritorialization is directly tied to social acceleration. For social activities in different areas to develop and reach other frontiers, the ideas must move swiftly.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How Globalization Has Affected Americans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This will also be aided by the flow of information, capital and goods and migration of people. Without swift flow, it will be difficult to view how people are influenced by different distant affairs. High-speed technology has greatly contributed in increasing the velocity of different human events and affairs. This means that globalization is mainly a matter of extent. Most analysts conceive globalization as a long term process. This is because it is compo sed of present history and present world. Globalization has led to innovations in information technology, communication and transportation. Many problems experienced in globalization are directly associated with the surfacing of technologies that are of high-speed. They lessen the magnitude of distance and boost social interconnectedness and deterritorialization. Lastly, contemporary globalization can be conceived also as a multi-pronged process. This is because social interconnectedness, social acceleration and deterritorialization can be visualized through diverse economical, cultural and political grounds of social actions. How Globalization has affected Americans Many Americans feel that globalization has both positive and negative impacts on them. Even majority of Americans view globalization as a result of positive economy, they are less positive when it comes to American jobs, business environment and living standards in general. Americans began feeling the pain of globalizat ion as early as 1980. Many people lost their jobs when most companies decided to outsource to other foreign countries. This is why most American families and communities do not embrace global market. They see it as a threat to their lives. Many American workers were greatly hit when American steel industry went global. All the steel mills in small towns were shut done which destroyed both the American economy and the living standards of those living in the regions (Vallas, Finlay, Wharton, 198). This shows that there is no benefit felt by the Americans when many companies decide to go global. Most Americans believe that outsourcing is a way in which corporations take advantage of under developed countries and the people living in the regions in order to gain profit. Most of these under developed countries greatly depend on American market. However the American economy is now under a great risk of collapse due to globalization. This is because America has lost its manufacturers to t he global world and in case of economic crisis; the country will have nothing to rely on.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Without manufacturers, America is not capable of producing goods hence American workers lose their jobs due shutdown of these manufacturing companies. Moreover globalization has a negative impact on United State’s wages for workers. This is due to job losses in the country which lead to trade deficits in most goods and services. Globalization leads to shifting of jobs which induce negative effects on trade and on average wages of the American workers. This is because importation of goods reduces jobs and it requires less education to do export. This cannot be compared to exports which increase job opportunities for the Americans and also requires high education for one to be employed. Moreover globalization leads to foreign investment which negatively affects the average wages of workers in America and American families at large. Foreign investment deteriorates the supremacy of United States workers which lowers the price of the wages they are being paid as they are considere d worthless. High level of education and highly skilled labour are required to carry out foreign investment. More workforces are directed towards foreign affiliates leaving United States with fewer jobs making more people jobless. Globalization also impacts government policies which in-turn affects United States families and communities. The government of America was forced to adopt economic policies that are contractionary to protect its global capital market. (Vallas, Finlay Wharton, 200). The government cannot inflict corporate taxes because it wants to preserve competition and inflate investments in commerce. The government is forced to decrease the amount spent on social welfare due to limitations of taxation and spending leading to poor welfare benefits to many families. Global market pressure can also force the government to control United State’s products and labour bazaar leading to job cuts and consequently poor living standards. However, globalization can have som e positive impacts in America to some extent. McKinsey which is a global institute believes that globalization has positive impacts on the lives of Americans. Globalization renders United States industries to high competition in the global world which promote productivity. Many countries believe that United States products are of high quality. They therefore purchase those products through online trading especially those who cannot reach the shops in America due to long distance. This increases sales for American companies and hence more employment opportunities for many Americans. Moreover many American families and communities gain by getting high quality goods and services. In conclusion, globalization has positively and negatively affected Americans. Many American workers have lost their jobs and have experienced a reduction in wages. However many jobs have also been created in the process in other sectors of the economy. The government has come up with policies aimed at protect ing the Americans from the effects of globalization at the same time promoting it. Works Cited Vallas, Steven, Finlay, William, Wharton Amy. Sociology of work: Structures and Inequalities. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. This essay on How Globalization Has Affected Americans was written and submitted by user Zion Mcguire to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Realistic Assessment of a Marine Biologists Earning Potential

A Realistic Assessment of a Marine Biologist's Earning Potential Do you think you want to be a marine biologist? An important consideration might be what amount youll earn. It is a tricky question, as marine biologists perform a variety of jobs, and what they are paid depends on what they do, who employs them, their level of education, and experience. What Does a Marine Biologist's Job Entail? The term marine biologist is a very general term for someone who studies or works with animals or plants that live in salt water. There are thousands of species of marine life, so while some marine biologists do well-recognized jobs like training marine mammals, the vast majority of marine biologists do other things. This includes studying the deep sea, working in aquariums, teaching at a college or university, or even studying the tiny microbes in the ocean. Some jobs may involve tasks as odd as studying whale poop  or whale breath. What Is a Marine Biologist's Salary? Because the jobs of a marine biologist are so wide-ranging, their salary is also. A person that has focused on marine biology in college may first get an entry-level technician job helping a researcher in a lab or in the field (or rather, out in the ocean). These jobs may pay an hourly wage (sometimes minimum wage) and may or may not come with benefits. Jobs in marine biology are competitive, so often a potential marine biologist will need to get experience through a volunteer position or internship before they can get a paying job. To get additional experience, marine biology majors may want to get a job on a boat (e.g., as a crew member or naturalist) or even at a veterinarians office where they can learn more about anatomy and working with animals. More established marine biologists may earn from about $35,000 to about $80,000 annually. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median pay in 2017 was $62,290, but they lump the marine biologists in with all zoologists and wildlife biologists. In many organizations and universities, a marine biologist will have to write grants to supply funding for their salaries.  Those working in non-profit organizations may need to assist with other types of fundraising in addition to grants, such as meeting with donors or running fundraising events. Should You Become a Marine Biologist? Most marine biologists  do their jobs because they love the work. It is a benefit in itself, even though compared to some other jobs, they dont make a lot of money, and the work is not always steady. So you should weigh the benefits of a job as a marine biologist (e.g., often working outside, travel opportunities, trips to exotic locations, working with marine life) with the fact that jobs in marine biology generally pay fairly modestly. The job outlook for 2016-2026 showed positions for wildlife biologists were expected to grow at a rate of eight percent, which is approximately as fast as for all jobs in general. Many positions are funded from government sources, so they are limited by ever-changing governmental budgets. You will need to be good at science and biology to complete the education necessary to become a marine biologist.  You need at least a bachelors degree, and for many positions, they will prefer a person with a masters degree or doctorate. That will entail many years of advanced study and tuition expenses. Even if you dont choose marine biology as a career, you still may get to work with marine life. Many aquariums, zoos, rescue and rehabilitation organizations, and conservation organizations look for volunteers, and some positions may involve working directly with, or at least on behalf of, marine life.

SLP 3 OBT -Groups and Teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SLP 3 OBT -Groups and Teams - Essay Example This usually motivates employees as their ideas are integrated or form a basis of operation in an organization. Allowing employees to make or contribute key decisions is another motivating factor. By making decisions employees feel appreciated and valued (Frey 12). Some leaders usually bear the burden of making key decisions alone. They forget that teamwork is key in any successful management. Some leaders cite that it is hard to make a team work together, and that inclusive decision making takes a lot of time. This is a fluke excuse. Teamwork brings to the table diverse ideas that can be integrated and used to further development strategies. Teams possess innate creativity that should be leveraged. Making employees work as a team brings out creative solutions to cumbersome problems. When employees work together, they learn new art and skills from each other. This brings out the best from individuals making them a better team. By working together and exchanging ideas, employees get motivated by learning diverse ideas that make them become better individuals at work (Frey 15-17). The employer should clearly define the vision and mission of the organization to the employees. Once the objectives get set, it becomes easy for employees to keep focus in achieving the set goals. Having a focus drives creativity and acts as a motivation to the employee because the employees work towards known target. Expectations and aims of the organization should be realistic and not far-fetched. The management or leaders should set standards and achievable expectations to the employees. Displaying trust and belief in the employees plays an important role in motivating them. After setting out clear objectives and goals, it is necessary to make the employees know that their capabilities get recognized. The recognition and belief of the employees capabilities gives them morale and inspiration to perform best. Leaders in an organization should encourage new

To Kill A Mockingbird Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

To Kill A Mockingbird - Essay Example Dill lives in Mississippi but he his vacations in Maycomb. Atticus is the main character of the story. He is a man of strong moral value. He had great sense of patriotism. He was against the custom of racism which existed in his society. He instilled in his children great sense of equality. He set an ideal example for them by fighting the case of black man for which he had to stand against his own society in order to support justice and truth. He was a great guide and teacher for his children and an extraordinary human being as well. â€Å"There goes the meanest man that ever took a breath of life† The story seems to say that Atticus is Atticus because of Maycomb. "He liked Maycomb, he was Maycomb County born and bred; he knew his people, they knew him. . . ." Later, when Atticus is striving to console Jem about the culpable judgment in the Tom Robinson case he tells Jem that they are going to live in Maycomb after the case is over. Though so, Maycomb is no ecstasy; no paradis e on the hill, no place one can celebrate without worries and melancholy. It is living in Maycomb, working at law there, that we see Atticus as the man that he is.

United States Federal Tax Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

United States Federal Tax Law - Assignment Example United States Federal Tax Law On January 3, 2009, Kathy and Frank Willow got married and entered into a contract with Hive Construction Corporation to build a house for $3,000,000 to be used as their main home. On November 10, 2010, when the outstanding principal balance on the mortgage loan was $2,500,000, the FMV of the property fell to $1,750,000 and Kathy and Frank abandoned the property by permanently moving out. They had made interest payments of $130,000 in 2009 and 2010 and paid $50,000 of principal in each year of those years (2009 and 2010) to bring the mortgage balance from $2,600,000 to $2,500,000 just before the date of abandonment. The lender foreclosed on the property and, on December 5, 2010, sold the property to another buyer for $1,750,000. More than one year after the foreclosure, and after heated negotiations, the couple convinced Outside Lender to cancel the remaining debt. So, on December 26, 2011, the lender canceled the remaining debt owing. Kathy and Frank are filing a joint return for 2011. On December 26 2011, Kathy and Frank had $15,000 in a savings account, household furnishings with an FMV of $17,000, a car with an FMV of $10,000, and $18,000 in credit card debt. The household furnishings originally cost $30,000. The car had been fully paid off (so there was no related outstanding debt) and was originally purchased for $16,000. Kathy and Frank had no adjustments to the cost basis of the car. Kathy and Frank had no other assets. ... Kathy and Frank had no other assets or liabilities at that time, except for the Disputed Amount that remains in dispute. (a) What are the tax consequences to Kathy and Frank, if any, for each year? It should be noted that foreclosure occurred before Kathy and Frank cancelled their debt; therefore, they are liable to gain or loss from the foreclosure. Since they maintained personal liability for the $ 750,000 of the remaining debt, then they were liable to cancellation. Additionally, the insolvency exclusion cannot apply in the Kathy and Frank case since their indebtedness did not qualify for the principal residence (Lyon 64). However, the same could have only applied if their insolvency could have been excluded instead of the indebtedness. Additionally, it should be considered that the remaining part of the debt just before the cancellation did not qualify as principal residence indebtedness since only part of the loan could qualify as the principal indebtedness. Therefore, Kathy and Frank must have ordered for the cancellation. (b) Same as (a) except Hive Construction Corporation financed the purchase of the house for Kathy and Frank and Hive Corporation agreed to reduce the debt to 1,750,000 on December 26 2011 and Kathy and Frank continue to live in the houseand there was no foreclosure in 2010? To this extent, Kathy and Frank do not have the right to elect insolvency exclusion as could be in the case of principle residence exclusion. However, they are liable to apply for the insolvency exclusion to $500,000 for the nonqualified debts since such debt is never qualified as principal residence indebtedness. Kathy and Frank have no tax attribute up to the year 2010 other than the use of basic

Comparison of Public Health and Clinical Research Ethics

Comparison of Public Health and Clinical Research Ethics How Does Public Health Research Ethics Differ From Clinical Research Ethics? Zoheb Rafique INTRODUCTION: The field of biomedical ethics arose in late 1960s in the response to some emerging ethical dilemmas and issues of that era. This field for many years focused on dilemmas generated by the high technology medicine, rather than on the issues of the population health and the ethical problems of public health programs. The discipline Bioethics received the initial stimulus from abuses and issues of human subject’s research, also the emergence of patient’s rights movement, and the drama of high technology medicine. The Research involving human subjects has often been a central ethical issue and problem for the biomedicine for at least hundred (100) years now, and particularly since the World War 2. Just as the public health is broad in the scope, the range of the ethical issues in this field is uncommonly wide, and encompassing the ethics in the public health as well as ethics of public health (1). In past twenty (20) years, the research base of the clinical ethics has gaine d tremendous strength appreciably. However the main research opportunities didn’t come under broad heading of the clinical ethics, but instead through the specific programs such as human genome project and end of life movement (2). In this paper, I will discuss the differences between public health research ethics and clinical research ethics. DISCUSSION: The Public health research ethics include ethics regarding the community participation in the research, while the clinical research ethics include the ethics regarding the clinical patient research. This is major difference between these two scenarios, now I will discuss it in detail. Most of the research has focused on the clinical and the experimental medicine (efficacy, safety and the mechanism of action, and also regulatory issues to general neglect of the public health dimensions. The Public health ethics, which is defined as identification, analysis, and the resolution of the ethical problems occurring in the public health practice and also research, and it, has different domains than those of the medical ethics. The ethical concerns in the public health often relate to dual obligations of the public health professionals to apply and acquire the scientific knowledge that aimed at restoring and also protecting public’s health while respecting the individual autonomy. Ethi cs in the public health involves interplay between safeguarding welfare of individual, as in medicine, and the public health goal of protecting public welfare. Some other ethical concerns in the public health relate to need to ensure just distribution of the public health resources. The Public health ethics has broad scope that includes the ethical and the social issues arising in the health promotion and the disease prevention, the epidemiological research, and also public health practice. The main professional roles of the epidemiology are design and the conduct of the scientific research and public health application of the scientific knowledge. This includes reporting the research results and also maintaining and promoting the health in communities. Also in carrying out the professional roles, the epidemiologists often encounter many ethical issues and some concerns that require the careful consideration. Many of those issues have been highlighted and addressed in literature on ethics in the epidemiology and the public health including the ethics guidelines. The Ethical and the professional norms in the epidemiology have also been clarified in the ethics guidelines for the epidemiologists and often the public health professionals. The Ethics guidelines such as those developed for Industrial Epidemiology Forum, International society for the Environmental Epidemiology, and American college of the Epidemiology also provide useful accounts of the epidemiologists’ obligations to the research participants, employs, society, and colleagues (3). The Epidemiologic studies can provide the descriptive data that can lead scientists later to develop some intervention that can result in the reduction in morbidity and mortality; the health education program can be one of the multiple interventions that together reduce the risks and also ill health. The argument here, however, is that the public health programs, studies, or interventions, must be designed with the awareness of relationship between that program and ultimate reduction in the morbidity and mortality. The Public health programs may result in high employment, as well as some less tangible benefits such as coalition building and strengthening of the communities. Today, the public health practitioner use some tools in addition to the epidemiology to register their work, still aiming primarily on community wide, also typically prospective methods and approaches to improve health. In addition, the practitioners investigate the outbreaks, provide health education, conduct contact tracing, and also other preventive interventions, and organize research related to the public health (4). The Public health agencies require the identifiable health information for conducting different public health activities. The increasing number of the functions, including the public health Surveillance, and outbreak and incident investigations and program implementation, and some direct health services, s uch as the clinical public health activities and services and the research, maintenance, and the storage of the personal health information. The Successful execution of all these functions depends on the data quality and the accessibility. Heightened security is very necessary and paramount to maintain the public confidence; also good health care and it depends on the patients providing the accurate and sensitive information to their care providers in a very timely manner. Placing restrictions on the data acquisition, use, and the disclosure also poses some risks, particularly if those restrictions impede acquisition of the key surveillance data, which would otherwise be used to prevent the disease, investigate the causation, and enable the interventions to protect the exposed population. Additionally, electronic data could potentially permit real time public health Surveillance and also can facilitate the faster emergency response (5). Advances in the science, technology and the bi omedical research have pushed the boundaries of Belmont principles and stimulating the need for the communities to be involved in informed consent process. Changes in the Food and the Drug Administration regulations allow the waivers of the informed consent in life threatening emergencies. The rights of the unconscious participants are assumed to be accorded degree of the protection through mechanism of the â€Å"Community Consultation† which requires the prior consultation by the investigators and the institutional review board with the community representatives and public disclosure to affected community both before and after that research (6). Now I will discuss the clinical research ethics, and we will see how it is different from public health research ethics. Taking into account the sound and the increasing emphasis of recent years that the experimentation in man must precede the general application of the new procedures in the therapy, and also there is reason to fear that these requirements and the resources might be greater than supply of the responsible investigators. Medical schools and the university hospitals are increasingly dominated by the investigators. Every young man knows that he will never be promoted to some tenure post, and to a professorship in a major medical school, unless he has proved himself as an investigator. If the ready availability of the money for conducting the research is added to this fact, one can see how great the pressures are on the ambitious young physicians (7). A taxonomy was developed for the clinical ethics research, based on the method rather than the clinical area. This divided research in different terms of whether it used theoretical or any empirical methods. First, we will see the theoretical methods of the clinical ethics research. Philosophy (e.g., How should the decisions on setting the priorities be made legitimate and also fair?). Law (e.g., what practices in setting the priorities in regional hea lth authority might constitute discrimination?). Policy (e.g., what policy should the governments follow in funding the new technologies in medicine?). Now let’s see the empirical methods of clinical ethics research. Social Sciences (e.g., how do the regional health authorities in the developing countries make the decisions on setting the priorities?). Decision analysis (e.g., How do you trade-off considerations of equity and efficiency in the decisions on setting priorities?). Clinical epidemiology (e.g., what are the criteria used to allocate the liver transplant?). Health services research (e.g., how does the delivery of the cardiac surgery vary by patient gender and ethnicity?). Within empirical research (both in ethics and more generally), there is some growing recognition that the quantitative methods alone are not adequate. Since many of the phenomena examined by the ethics researchers are deeply entwined into fabric of professions, organizations, and the human lives, qualitative methods have begun to play an important role. For example, one investigator performed the observational research on how physicians discuss do-not-resuscitate orders and also advance care planning. The role of the qualitative methods is both increasing and broadening to include not only the content analysis but also grounded theory, the ethnography, and the case study designs. When we review the field of the clinical ethics a decade from now, we hope that the focus will have shifted from the ethics courses, committees and the consultants to an understanding on the part of most physicians and medical students that ethics is an inherent and inseparable part of the good clinical medicine. We hope that clinical ethics will have achieved its rightful place at the interstices of relations between the patients who are sick and physicians who profess to be able to heal and comfort them. Clinical ethics has made progress towards this vision in the past some years. The challenge re mains for the research into ethical issues to become a mainstream concern for the funding agencies around the World. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, it is stated that although public health research and clinical research are different from each other, but ethical dilemmas are faced by both and also they are same in many situations. While considering the public health research ethics, the researcher must show respect for community’s culture, also take community input on the protocol development, and ensure that research is useful to community, and should respect the community’s knowledge and the experience, and ensure that the informed consent is correctly taken before starting any of the research (8). While considering the clinical research ethics, two components are most important, the first being the informed consent. The statement that informed consent has been obtained has very little meaning unless the participant or his/her guardian is capable of understanding what is to be undertaken and unless all of hazards are made clear. If these are not known this, too, has been stated. Secondly, there is more reliable safeguard provided by presence of intelligent, informed, compassionate, conscientious, and responsible investigator. REFERENCES: 1. Daniel Callahan and Bruce Jennings. Ethics and Public Health: Forging a Strong Relationship. American Journal of Public Health 2002; Vol 92, No. 2: 169-176. 2. Peter A Singer Et Al. Clinical Ethics Revisited. BMC Medical Ethics 2001; 2:1. 3. Steven S Coughlin. Ethical issues in epidemiologic research and public health practice. Emerging Themes in Epidemiology. BioMed central 2006; 3:16. 4. Nancy E. Kass. An Ethical Framework for Public Health. Public Health Matters. 5. Julie Myers Et Al. Privacy and Public Health at Risk: Public Health Confidentiality in the Digital Age. American Journal of Public Health 2008; Vol 98, No. 5:793-801. 6. Sandra Crouse Quinn. Protecting Human Subjects: the Role of Community Advisory Boards. American Journal of Public Health 2004; Vol 94, No. 6:918-922. 7. Henry K. Beecher. Ethics and Clinical Research. The New England Journal of Medicine 1966; Vol 274, No. 24:1354-1360. 8. C. Weijer and E.J. Emanuel. Protecting Communities in Biomedical Research. Science. Policy Forum: Ethics 2000; Vol 289:1142-1144.

John Gibbons Truth in Action :: John Gibbons Truth Action Essays

John Gibbons' "Truth in Action" ABSTRACT: John Gibbons tries to show that the notion of similarities and differences between different cases of events reveals the relevance of relational properties, which are of causal relevance. Based on such considerations, Gibbons' main claim is that the truth value somebody assigns to his or her beliefs has causal power. This means that the deflationary theory of truth becomes false. The questions therefore are: (1) What are the similarities and differences between different cases? (2) What kind of properties are relational properties? (3) What is the causal relevance of such relational properties, and why should the truth value be of causal relevance? (4) Why can Gibbons not show that the truth value has the relevant causal power? On the basis of some examples John Gibbons tries to show that the notion of similarities and differences between different cases of events reveals the relevance of relational properties, which are of causal relevance. Based on such considerations Gibbons' main claim is that the truth value somebody assigns to his beliefs has causal power. And so the deflationary theory of truth becomes false. So, the questions are: what are (i) similarities and differences between different cases, (ii) what kind of properties are relational properties, and (iii) what is the causal relevance of such relational properties, and why should the truth value be of causal relevance? (iv) Why Gibbons cannot show that the truth value has the relevant causal power? (i) What are similarities and differences between different cases? Gibbons assumes events (1) to speak about cases of particular actions and of particular physical states of affairs, however, he does not distinguish them, he simply speaks in both cases about behavior and their causes or about behavioral events. The example of behavioral events E1 and E2 Gibbons uses is the following: The pure actions A are: A1 Marcia stopped at the red light. A2 Greg stopped at the red light. The action for achieving A: (2) AA1 squeezing a lever with the right hand AA2 pressing a pedal with the foot Additional features of A: af1 cast a shadow in my direction ??? af2 ??? (3) The aim of action A is: aiml wanted to avoid getting a ticket. aim2 wanted to avoid getting a ticket.

Escape and Confinement in Flaubert’s Madame Bovary

A theme throughout Flaubert's Madame Bovary is escape versus confinement. In the novel Emma Bovary attempts again and again to escape the ordinariness of her life by reading novels, having affairs, day dreaming, moving from town to town, and buying luxuries items. It is Emma's early education described for an entire chapter by Flaubert that awakens in Emma a struggle against what she perceives as confinement. Emma's education at the convent is perhaps the most significant development of the dichotomy in the novel between confinement and escape. The convent is Emma's earliest confinement, and it is the few solicitations from the outside world that intrigue Emma, the books smuggled in to the convent or the sound of a far The chapter mirrors the structure of the book it starts as we see a satisfied women content with her confinement and conformity at At first far from being boredom the convent, she enjoyed the company of the nuns, who, to amuse her, would take her into the chapel by way of a long corridor leading from the dining hall. She played very little during the recreation period and knew her catechism well. The chapter is also filled with images of girls living with in the protective walls of the convent, the girls sing happily together, assemble to study, and pray. But as the chapter progresses images of escape start to dominate. But these are merely visual images and even these images are either religious in nature or of similarly She wished she could have lived in some old manor house, like those chatelaines in low wasted gowns who spent their days with their elbows on the stone sill of a gothic window surmounted by trefoil, chin in hand watching a white plumed rider on a black horse galloping hem from far across the country. (Flaubert 32. ) As the chapter progresses and Emma continues dreaming while in the convent the images she conjures up are of exotic and foreign lands. No longer are the images of precise people or event but instead they become more fuzzy and chaotic. The escape technique that she used to conjure up images of heroines in castles seems to lead inevitably And there were sultans with long pipes swooning on the arbors on the arms of dancing girls; there were Giaours, Turkish sabers and fezzes; and above all there were wan landscapes of fantastic ountries: palm trees and pines were often combined in one picture with tigers on the right a lion on the left. (Flaubert 33. ) Emma's dreams by this point are chaotic with both palms and pines mixed together with lions and tigers. These dreams continue and change themselves into a death wish as swans transform themselves into dying swans, and singing into funeral music. But Emma although bored with her fantasy refuses to admit it and she starts to revolt against the confines of the convent until the Mother Superior was glad to see The chapter about Emma Bovary's education at the convent is ignificant not only because it provides the basis for Emma's character, but also because the progression of images in this chapter is indicative of the entirety of the novel. The images progress from confinement to escape to chaos and disintegration. In Madame Bovary Emma changes from a women content with her marriage, to a women who escapes from the ordinariness of her everyday life through affairs and novels, to a women whose life is so chaotic that she disintegrates and kills herself. Indeed, Madame Bovary is like a poem comprised of a Emma Bovary found interest in the things around her which revent her boredom in her early education it was the novels she read, â€Å"They were filled with love affairs, lovers, mistresses, persecuted ladies fainting in lonely country houses. She also found interest in the sea but only because it was stormy. But all the things that Emma found interest in she soon became board of from Charles to Leon. This cycle of boredom and the progression of images of confinement, escape, and chaos, parallel both in the Chapter on Emma's education and the novel as a whole the entire mural of the novel as Emma's journey from boredom in reality to self-destruction in fantasy.

My Bahamas Vacation

My Bahamas Vacation ÂÆ' ¢Ã‚‚€‚ÂÅ"The Bahamas,ÂÆ' ¢Ã‚‚€‚  it was a trip of a lifetime. I went there with my girlfriend and a couple of other friends. We were all nervous because it was the first time any of us have flown. We finally got a chance to start boarding, after we arrived at the airport five hours early. Before boarding, we had to show the airport attendants our birth certificate. When I went to show them my birth certificate, they wouldnÂÆ' ¢Ã‚‚€‚™t let me board because mine was a copy and not the original. Luckily, after waiting for twenty minutes, they made a few calls and let me go.ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ As we flew over the ocean the water was crystal clear and the sky was beautiful. I couldnÂÆ' ¢Ã‚‚€‚™t wait to get there, but after two and a half hours, we finally arrived in Nassau, Bahamas. We got off the plane and the weather was beautiful, it was 90 degrees and sunny.We walked in, got our luggage and had to go through customs. We went outside caught our bus and off we went to our resort. When arrived there everyone was very nice and respectful.ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ Our first day their we planned to take a boat over to the Atlantis resort on Paradise, Island. The Atlantis is a resort known to have movie stars and athletes stay. I was only twenty years old when we went there, so I have never been to a casino. We all got to gamble, and I won $300 playing blackjack, it was a blast. The resort also had an underground aquarium with sharks and lots of other odd looking fish.ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ ÂÆ'‚‚ The next few days we sat around the resort and went parasailing, and lots of other activities. Parasailing was an adrenaline rus h and probably one of the funnier things I had done...

Free Essays on Vladimir Ilich Lenin

Vladimir Ilich Lenin â€Å"An Enemy Of The Wealthy† Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov was born in Simbirsk, a city in Southern Russia, on April 22, 1870. He was the third child and second son of Ilya Nikolayevich Ulyanov, who was one of Simbirk’s most respected citizens, and Maria Aleksandrovna Ulyanova. Ilya Nikolayevich held the most prestigious position of inspector of public schools for the administrative district of Simbirsk. He loved his work especially because it brought him into contact with the children of the peasants. He wanted to do as much as he could to help free the peasants from ignorance and superstitions. This is from whom young Vladimir got his eager to help the peasants (the poor, the unwanted). Vladimir received his earliest education from his mother, who taught him to read and to play piano. In 1879 he entered the Simbirsk gymnasium, or classical school. During the eight years he spent there, Vladimir was usually at the head of his class, showing at an early age the immense capacity for systematic work that would distinguish him throughout his life. Whenever he was not at school or busy with his homework, Vladimir would go for walks in the parks, read, or play chess with his older brother, Aleksandr. Four years Vladimir’s brother, Aleksandr was quiet, single-minded, and intelligent young man: Vladimir adored him. In 1886 when his father died at age 55, Aleksandr, who by then was studying biology at the University in St. Petersburg, the Russian capital, bacame the head of the family. His father’s death wasn’t the only trouble in their family. Fourteen month later tragedy struck again. In March of 1887 the police in St. Petersburg discovered that a group of dissident students were plotting to assassinate Alexander III: Aleksandr Ulyanov was on of the students arrested in the roundup that followed. He had been using his knowledge of chemistry to manufacture bombs intended for the assa... Free Essays on Vladimir Ilich Lenin Free Essays on Vladimir Ilich Lenin Vladimir Ilich Lenin â€Å"An Enemy Of The Wealthy† Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov was born in Simbirsk, a city in Southern Russia, on April 22, 1870. He was the third child and second son of Ilya Nikolayevich Ulyanov, who was one of Simbirk’s most respected citizens, and Maria Aleksandrovna Ulyanova. Ilya Nikolayevich held the most prestigious position of inspector of public schools for the administrative district of Simbirsk. He loved his work especially because it brought him into contact with the children of the peasants. He wanted to do as much as he could to help free the peasants from ignorance and superstitions. This is from whom young Vladimir got his eager to help the peasants (the poor, the unwanted). Vladimir received his earliest education from his mother, who taught him to read and to play piano. In 1879 he entered the Simbirsk gymnasium, or classical school. During the eight years he spent there, Vladimir was usually at the head of his class, showing at an early age the immense capacity for systematic work that would distinguish him throughout his life. Whenever he was not at school or busy with his homework, Vladimir would go for walks in the parks, read, or play chess with his older brother, Aleksandr. Four years Vladimir’s brother, Aleksandr was quiet, single-minded, and intelligent young man: Vladimir adored him. In 1886 when his father died at age 55, Aleksandr, who by then was studying biology at the University in St. Petersburg, the Russian capital, bacame the head of the family. His father’s death wasn’t the only trouble in their family. Fourteen month later tragedy struck again. In March of 1887 the police in St. Petersburg discovered that a group of dissident students were plotting to assassinate Alexander III: Aleksandr Ulyanov was on of the students arrested in the roundup that followed. He had been using his knowledge of chemistry to manufacture bombs intended for the assa...

Darwinian Evolution of ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Darwinian Evolution of ethics - Essay Example Of these, ethics is the most vulnerable to change as it merges with beliefs, morals, science, religion, and character of each individual. As a result, the evolution of ethics has a direct relationship to what Charles Darwin believes is the human species’ inherent desire to survive in a culture that alters regularly. This ultimately demonstrates that the underlying principle of the evolution of ethical systems remains upon the survival of the human species. Darwin’s stance on morality suggested morality as the evolutionary process’s product. Darwin was of the view that such social instincts as the tendency of humans to display kindness, sympathy, and have an urge for social approbation originate in the human nature. In reality, other social species also constitute the rudiments of such behaviors. Even though, Darwin thought that these instincts tend to contradict the natural selection’s imperatives e.g. the rise of selfless behavior from the selfish genesâ €™ machinations. Among a vast majority of the Darwinian theorists, Darwin was the first to deal with this conundrum. â€Å"Darwin proposed to account for our sociality with a combination of selection for individual reciprocity (reciprocal altruism), "family" selection (a.k.a. kin selection) and "group selection" -- that is, the positive selection of traits which provide an advantage for groups that are in competition with other groups† (Corning). In addition to that, nothing but the human beings possess the true morality because of their ability to superimpose the reasoned constraints of culture upon their motives. Darwinian theses that have implications for moral philosophy include: humans being the natural selection’s product, humans being forged to serve as social organisms by that process, and the presence of an innate moral sense among the mechanisms governing human sociality (Joyce 1). Although the first two theses are not questioned seriously, yet the thesis of moral nativism sparks doubt. However, Darwin has personally approved of all three theses in The Descent of Man. The evolutionary account of moral sense provided by Darwin emphasizes upon the importance of moral emotions, thus overlooking the morality’s essence as pure rationality (Arnhart). Interest in Darwinism’s moral implications rose after the Origin’s publication as the truth of Darwinism was suspected to undermine the traditional ethics. Darwinism’s biological thesis attracted some resistance from its incompatibility with the traditional morality that led to the perception of rejection of Darwinism. The founder of the Social Darwinism ethical system is Herbert Spencer, who argued that the fittest in a proper society are the ones who are successful while the unfit are placed at the bottom. These ideas are challenged today, especially the argument that helping the needy leads to unfavorable consequences since it helps the ones who are demonstrated to be unfit survive (â€Å"Evolution and Ethics†). There was an obvious oversimplification of the adaptation of Spencer to Darwinism to the social situations. Such virulent anti-Darwinian perspective is inspired by social Darwinism and its logical following from the evolutionary theory. However, the ideas of Spencer do not necessarily follow from Darwinism logically. Humans adapt to survive and they do so by creating standards and rules of

Middle School Classroom Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Middle School Classroom Management - Essay Example Why do we eat fast food, in particular It is quick, easy, and comforting. Why do we complain or get angry Perhaps to influence others and to get rid of negative feelings. Why would we avoid meeting others or talking to people We're perfectly comfortable in our own little zone. And the list goes on and on. (Managing, 2006 p. 1). By the same token, why do we avoid good choices such as going to the dentist or doctor. Well, that one's obvious-it's costly and painful! Why don't we save money Because we want things now. Why don't we exercise or eat healthy foods Exercise is hard and preparing healthy foods takes time. For we adults, three steps are needed for us to obtain self-control: We need "standards," which means we need to know what we should do. Secondly we need to be aware if our behavior is failing to meet these standards, and finally, we need to be able to correct the behavior that is producing sub-standard behavior. (Managing, 2006 p. 4). The principles that we as adults can use to change our negative behaviors can translate into principles that we can teach middle school age children as well. These principles will create the lifelong ability for them to both monitor and modify their behavior in many areas of their lives. Of course children misbehave for a variety of reasons; it can be as simple as a cry for attention-good or bad-or as complicated as a difficult situation in their home life. A child may be troubled about an issue and acting our, or simply showing youthful exuberance which goes over the line into disruptive behavior. Many times a teacher is required to be much more than a teacher, and one of these things would be a psychiatrist. The teacher must come to know each and every individual student in such a way that it is obvious to her, even if not to others, just which of the above issues may be the at the root of the bad behavior. The first day of class student and teacher needs, rights and expectations should be openly discussed on the first day of class and reviewed periodically. The student's basic needs includes survival, belonging, power, fun and freedom and they have the right to learn without being disrupted by others. (Wiggins 2006 p. 2) In turn, the teacher has the right to expect the full attention of each and every student as well as the right to establish a learning environment that facilitates optimal success. (Charles 1992 p. 109). Even beyond these basic rights and expectations, the student is expected to come to class both prepared and with the desire to learn. They are expected to behave in a respectful manner both to teachers and other students, and accept any consequence of their own negative behavior. The teacher is expected to consider interesting curricula that both engages the student's full attention

Case Study for the Complete Care Repair Research Paper

Case Study for the Complete Care Repair - Research Paper Example Research Problem The research problem has many angles because there are several problems with MindWriter. Some of the problems that have been seen are discussed here: There is a call center that is able to answer questions for customers who have a malfunctioning product. They have an 800 number to call and the call center can answer service, support and ordering questions. Unfortunately these are the only questions they can currently answer. When a person calls in, the call center must take the name, number and address from the customer as well as the Mind Writer model number. The technical representatives with this information will then ask question to understand more clearly the nature of the customer’s problem. They will attempt to resolve the problem on the phone if they can. The challenge is that they cannot answer every inquiry on the phone. Some of the things that need to be researched include: 1. There are employee shortages and training new technical representatives i s time consuming and does not always happen in the time that they are needed. 2. The courier does not always pick up and deliver the products as they have spelled out in the contract with Complete Care Repair. 3. ... Complete Care Repair will need to research to find where the problem really is and do something more to help it. Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study is to define how Complete Care Repair can help MindWriter understand their problems and eradicate them. Some of the issues they will need to understand better in order to help MindWriter include: 1. Check with the courier company and see whether this is the best one for MindWriter to use. 2. Will the repair aspects of Complete Care Repair that include the diagnostic and sequencing areas need to be refined? 3. Does the technical director need more training or is there a need for the staff to have more training in this area? 4. Is there a problem with packaging? Can it be resolved if there is a different type of package created? 5. Is there a need for repair centers closer to where MindWriter operations are or should repair happen on site? These questions will guide the research into how Complete Care Repair can help MindWriter. Research Objectives Then research objectives will be to find out more information about MindWriter in order to help them. Specifically, there needs to be a thorough examination of the entire company in order to identify the problem areas. After Myra and Jason came back from Austin, they were able to identify several areas where there were problems. These areas need to be examined more closely. The research objectives will include: 1. To examine the call center to understand how they work with customers. We will want to identify what is working and what is not working. 2. To examine the packaging to see whether this is the most appropriate packaging or whether there are alternatives that would keep the

First day of middle school Essay Example for Free

First day of middle school Essay I WAS VERY NERVOUS WHEN I GOT ON THE BUS BECAUSE I DIDN’T KNOW ANYBODY. I NOTICED ONE GIRL FROM MY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, BUT SHE DIDN’T TALK TO ME FOR TWO DAYS. WHILE I WAS ON THE BUS I INTRODUCED MYSELF TO A BOY NAMED TOMMIE AND WE BECAME FRIENDS. EVERY SINCE I SPOKE THAT DAY, TOMMIE AND HAVE BEEN CLOSE. WE HAVE EACH OTHERS BACK WITH CLASS WORK AND HOMEWORK. DURING LUNCH TOMMIE SAVED ME A SEAT, OUR LOCKERS ARE CLOSE BY EACH OTHER AND WE HAVE SEVERAL CLASSES TOGETHER. I STARTED TO LOOSEN UP AS THE DAY PROGRESSED BECAUSE I REALIZED. MIDDLE SCHOOL IS NOT ALL THAT BAD. MY FIRST PERIOD TEACHER SCARED ME BECAUSE SHE HAD ADEEPVOICE THAT CAUGHT MY ATTENTION. NOW THAT TIME IS PASSING IM MEETING MORE FRIENDS, MORE FRIENDLY TEACHERS AND STAFF. I HAVE LEARNED MY SCHEDULE WHICH IS DIVIDED INTO TWO DAYS ADAYAND B DAY. I LEARNED HOW TO DO THINGS IN A TIMELY MATTER BECAUSE WE CANT BE LATE TO CLASS OR THE BUS. IM STARTING TO SHOW MORE RESPONABLITIES SINCE ENROLLING IN BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE ACADEMY egg pupa larva GET STARTED RIGHT AWAY. This placeholder text includes tips to help you quickly format your report and add other elements, such as a chart, diagram, or table of contents. You might be amazed at how easy it is. LOOK GREAT EVERY TIME †¢Need a heading? On the Home tab, in the Styles gallery, just click the heading you want. Notice other styles in that gallery as well, such as for a quote or a numbered list. †¢You might like the photo on the cover page as much as we do, but if it’s not ideal for your report, right-click it and then click Change Picture to add your own. †¢Adding a professional-quality graphic is a snap. In fact, when you add a chart or a SmartArt diagram from the Insert tab, it automatically matches the look of your report. GIVE IT THAT FINISHING TOUCH Need to add a table of contents or a bibliography? No sweat. ADD A TABLE OF CONTENTS It couldn’t be easier to add a table of contents to your report. Just click in the document where you want the TOC to appear. Then, on the References tab, click Table of Contents and then click one of the Automatic options. When you do, the TOC is inserted and text you formatted using Heading 1, Heading 2, and Heading 3 styles is automatically added to it. ADD A BIBLIOGRAPHY On the References tab, in the Citations Bibliography group, click Insert Citation for the option to add sources and then place citations in the document. 2 When you’ve added all the citations you need for your report, on the References tab, click Bibliography to insert a formatted bibliography in your choice of styles. And you’re done. Nice work!

Witchcraft Hysteria in Puritan New England :: American America History

Witchcraft Hysteria in Puritan New England In 1692, the problems following Massachusetts’s change from Puritan Utopia to royal colony had an unusual increase in the witchcraft hysteria at Salem Village (now the town of Danvers). Although the belief in witchcraft had started a huge problem in Salem, almost 300 New Englanders (mostly lower class, middle-aged, marginal women – spinsters or widows) had been accused as witches, and more than thirty had been hanged. With this issue in Salem all superiority in its scope and intensity. The general colony’s way of life was experiencing some problems. These problems lead the community to believe that the devil was at work in the village. A few teenage girls became inlet listeners to voodoo stories told by Tituba, a West Indian slave, and began acting strangely. For no reason at all they started shouting, barking, groveling and twitching. The town doctor had come to the conclusion that they had been bewitched. When the girls were told this, they pointed to Tituba and two older white women as the offenders. The criminals were captured with a panic as word spread that the devil was in their presence. As the three women were being asked questions the possessed girls rolled on the floor in convulsive fits. Tituba shocked everyone when she confessed to the charge but also told that many others in the colony were practicing the devils work. All this hysteria in the town started causing many problems. The crazed girls began pointing fingers at many residents, including several of the most respected people of the community. Within months, the jail in Salem was over its capacity with townspeople that were accused of performing witchcraft. Seeing how the townspeople believed everything the girls were saying shows how gullible the community is. Ten months later, nineteen people had been hanged, stubborn Giles Corey who refused to plea Guilty or not Guilty was pressed to death by heavy stones, and more than 100 others jailed. Accusations spread wider and went way beyond the borders of Salem. This worried colonial leaders and they decided that the witch – hunts were out of control. The jury had about seen enough when the girls accused Samuel Willard, the pastor of Boston’s First Church and president of Harvard College, of practicing witchcraft. The governor disbanded the special court and ordered the remaining suspects released when he was stunned that his own wife was accused of worshiping the devil.

International Politics Essay

The ongoing violence between the indigenous communities of Peru on the one hand and the government on the other has been cited as the one of the country’s worst political crises. For a considerable period, the communities have not only expressed their opposition against the government, but have also engaged in acts of civil disobedience in the recent past. In June this year, confrontations between indigenous protestors and the state police left nearly a hundred people dead and hundreds injured, the majority of the casualties and fatalities being civilians (Romero, 2009). This followed a government decision to end the massive demonstrations by launching an aggressive military campaign against those protesting on the country’s roads. In essence, the communities’ initiative of holding peaceful demonstration so as to protest against the exploitation of the Amazon rain forest, and the deliberate government efforts to counter such protests can be described as a global crisis precipitated by the unprecedented struggle to exploit the few natural resources available in the environment. Though the conflict is occurring at the national level, its effects will inevitably be felt at the international front, considering the central position of the Amazon as a focal biodiversity epicenter. Globalization has been defined as the process of blending or homogenization by which individuals and organizations of the world are unified into one society and work together without restrictions, through a combination of economical, technological, socio-cultural and political forces. It also entails the reduction or elimination of enforced restrictions of countries on international exchanges hence increasing integrated and complex global system of production and exchange (Christian, 2002). Indeed, globalization has served to shape the world economy. Individual economies which were originally isolated from each other are currently being influenced by the each other’s actions, as well as policies and circumstances in the global markets, which in turn assist them to devise their own policy measures. One of the characterizing attributes of globalization is the process of merging and integrating the economies of world economies. Over the past half century, the western countries, and particularly United States and Europe have been vocal in the establishment of a global market economy characterized by the free flow of people and capital, and free trade. However, a skeptical view depicts global integration as only beneficial to the developed world, but harmful to poor nations, the environment as well as native populations. In the face of many, the process is increasingly worsening the global environmental crisis that has prevailed with the intensification of industrialization (Christian, 2002). From a practical point of view, this appears to be the case in Amazon basin of Peru. In April 2006, the United States and Peruvian governments signed a Free Trade Agreement intended to foster bilateral trade between the two countries. Even at its outset, the agreement was heavily criticized by environmental organizations, citing potential environmental and labor concerns. The FTA became effective in February this year, and precipitated a number changes in Peru’s law so as to facilitate increased access to the Amazon forest (Cabello, 2009). Although the Peruvian Congress approved the initiation of such legislative changes, the indigenous people living in the expansive Amazon region were not consulted, thus contravening the 169th convention of the International Labor Organization. Describing the regulations as a deliberate move to invite foreign companies to exploit the natural resources within the forest zones, the native communities held massive protests in August 2008. Subsequently, the Congress was forced to repeal two of the laws, and additionally pledged to reexamine the others. The apparent failure to abide by the promise eventually led to an eruption of renewed protests starting April 2009. Since then, they have been remained persistent in advancing their cause: that the legislative provisions which inevitably undermine their land and water rights have to be abolished (Romero, 2009). Central in the current conflict between the indigenous people and the Peruvian government is the controversy surrounding the idea of allowing multinational oil corporations, particularly those of American origin, to explore as well as mine oil and other mineral resources in the Amazon under the 2006 agreement (Romero, 2009). From a basic point of view, the physical clashes represent the conflicting interests between these two parties. On the one hand, the government led by President Garcia purports to exploit the natural resources in the Amazon in order to bring economic wealth for all citizens. Notably, the potential geographical zones to be explored for their oil and gas deposits cover about seventy two percent of the country’s rain forests (Chauvin, 2009). Similarly, the government also intends to open up the water resources and forest lands to other economic activities such as large-scale farming and extensive mining explorations. From the side of the incumbency, such a move should not elicit any local opposition, considering that the government’s ownership of all subsoil rights. The exploration of these vast lands by multinational corporations would definitely accrue immense economic wealth. On the other hand, the indigenous people see the move as a threat to their ancestral land, their own security, and the environment in general. This is so considering the fact that the mineral exploration initiatives could end up affecting more than thirty thousand natives spread across six of Peru’s provinces (Chauvin, 2009). An estimated 50 percent of Peru is covered by the Amazon rain forest, which houses more than sixty ethnic groups. In the recent past however, the Amazon region has attracted numerous oil, gas, and other mining corporations with the objective of exploring the natural resources found within the forest. Since 2005 for instance, the regions selected for gas and oil concessions have significantly increased (from an estimated fifteen to seventy percent) (Cabello, 2009). Early this year, the country’s oil licensing organization signed contracts with several multinational oil corporations, permitting them to explore natural resources in the Amazon. Although such initiatives will promote economic growth in the country, a critical observation reveals the activities of these international companies jeopardize the very existence of the Amazon, which is widely recognized as an important center of biodiversity, even at the global front. Indeed, the Amazon Basin is an extremely important resource especially when we consider international issues such as the realities of environmental pollution and global warming. Generating close to twenty percent of the earth’s fresh water, the basin is home to numerous indigenous Peruvian communities. Despite their continued habitation of the forest regions for many years, the natural resources have been well-preserved, thus promoting environmental sustainability. Additionally, the Amazon has been cited as vital in the regulation of atmospheric emissions, particularly carbon dioxide responsible for environmental pollution, besides stabilizing rainfall and guarding against desertification (Chauvin, 2009). Seen in this sense, Amazon has served to mitigate the devastating impacts of climate change that are often associated with global warming. Recent government reports highlight continued overlap between the concession lands (those designated for hydrocarbon extraction) and the natural protected areas occupied by the indigenous population (Chauvin, 2009). United States’ oil companies such as Burlington and Hunt Oil are currently mining fossil fuels in areas that were traditionally reserved as natural lands. With no hope of a possible retreat of the current trends, the indigenous Peruvians continue to face numerous environmental problems including soil and water pollution, which in turn impacts negatively on their health. In essence, continued investment in the Amazon rainforest appears to contradict what world nations, including the U. S. nd Peru postulate as viable strategies of mitigating the currently witnessed global climate change. It is apparent that the continued extraction and transportation of fossil fuels will lead to an unprecedented release of toxic materials into the soil and increasing the percentage of greenhouse emissions in the atmosphere. Additionally, these multinational companies are also contributing to deforestation via the establishment of infrastructures such as roads and oil pipelines. It is indeed ironical that bilateral and international agreements such as the one between the U. S. nd Peru could actually end up fueling the global climate crisis and threatening the very livelihoods of indigenous populations, rather than initiating measures towards its alleviation and encouraging sustainable development. It is questionable that the Peruvian government should take advantage of the natives who lack title deeds and therefore direct claims to the land they have lived in for many years. Instead of focusing on the immediate economic benefits, the government ought to consider the potential harm to the Amazon Basin, as well as the life it has supported for a prolonged duration.