Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Steps Taken To Ensure Security Of Personnel

Personnel involved in emergency preparedness in an agency should be aware of state and local laws that are applicable in maintaining security. They should know how these laws may affect development and implementation of emergency preparedness in an agency. If the agency leases facilities that are owned by local government, state or private companies, responsibility in ensuring there is security should be allocated to all the parties who use the facilities.Occupant emergency plan should be well known by the key staff and disabled people should get involved in preparing for emergency where disabled should be engaged in maintaining security. Agency plan should be updated by the senior staff and plan should be reviewed by facilities personnel, first responders and no part of the plan should conflict with the procedures of nearby agencies. Security strategy should coordinate information among enforcement of law and security agencies and strengthen cooperation of police and community throu gh sharing information to know the causes of insecurity in an agency.Operation plan should help in providing timely information about criminal activities that may arise so that the director of security can take preventive measures to ensure that no personnel are under risk. (Douglas, 1993 pp38-42). Steps taken to ensure security of organization assets Risk assessment on organizations sensitive information on assets where assets are evaluated basing on integrity, availability and confidentiality of the requirements in classifying assets to determine the ones essential in achieving organization objectives.Risk assessment identifies the threat, probability of occurrence, how vulnerable it is and impact of severity. Threat analysis establishes all the threats that involve flood or virus and improper management of storage devices. Vulnerability analysis ensures that there is protection of critical information resources. Possible control to be implemented should be assessed to determine s ecurity functions to mitigate risks and provide protection to assets. Appropriate security measures should be selected to correspond to retained security functions.Analysis should be done followed by decision making and drafting of action plan according to priority of security measures that should be deployed. Director of security communicate with employees on security issues, monitor and update implemented controls. (Douglas, 1993 pp33-37). Role of scenario planning This is a method of strategic planning used by some organizations to make long term plans that are flexible. It combines known future facts such as political, geography and industrial information with social, technical and environmental trends that act as key driving forces.Scenario planning involves interpreting facts in a subjective manner, new inventions and shifting values. Scenario planning highlights the forces that push future to a different location. It ensures forces are visible so that the planner can recogniz e them in case they happen. It starts by identifying the decision where infinite number of stories tells of the future by telling the people that matter to make better decision. It begins by agreeing on the issue to be addressed and test of relevance of the issues. Scenario planning creates participation of the public and positive visioning.It helps to understand what you want by use of new technology in understanding impact of decisions made in a project and making informed decisions. Through scenario planning, community is able to understand their future and make tradeoffs by understanding the purpose of decisions made. (Bakeoff, 1988 pp17-23). Comparing SWOT and STEEP analysis Both of them begin with analyzing external environment of the business and there after looks at internal strengths and weaknesses of organization in relation to internal factors like prior performance and external factors.They combine analysis to look at organizations opportunities and threats to come up wi th plans in order to have opportunities for countering threats. Both of them help to develop effective corporate strategy. They are involved in changes in technology which they rarely consider as a threat and organization must make use of new improved technology so that it can produce final products that are of high quality and satisfy consumer needs and wantsContrasting SWOT and STEEP analysis SWOT assesses the business of your own or competitors while SPEEP assesses the market which includes competitors from standpoint of a business. SWOT analyses benefits all businesses by completing main competitors SWOT analysis which provide feedback into STEEP analysis economic aspects while STEEP analysis is useful and relevant when business is larger and complex but can still have one or two issues of importance in small businesses.SWOT analysis are used when business are starting to plan in order to identify the strength of business, weakness that may be encountered, available opportunitie s and threats. This is not a process of isolation but decisions taken should be based on findings while STEEP analysis looks for sociocultural, technological, economic and political factors and their impact on business. (Bakeoff, 1988 pp24-26).

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Budget Essay

Budget is a summary income and expenses of a given period. It provides you a comprhensive financial overview that helps coordinate financial and oerational activities. Its an open two way communication channel. Its is also a measure of expected or desired performance. Advantages A budget is a quantitative expression of a plan of action. These are the major benefits of effective budgeting. Budgeting compels managers to think and formalizing their prsponsibilities for planning. Budgeting provides an opportunity for managers to evaluate the activities and evaluate new activities. Budgeting helps managers in communicating objectives and coordinating actions. budgeting provides benchmarks. Difficulties in implementing a budget Budgeting can be expensive and sometimes its not even close to the actual numbers. Some of the departments disagree with the budget goals. Similarly another difficulity is obtaining the accurate sales forecasts. Any sort of false information would throw the budget way off the line. So accuracy is very important while creating a budget. There are different types of budgets. Static budget predicts costs, revenues and profits at one level of output.Once it is made it doesn’t change. Where as a flexible budget is a budget that has a flexibility to for the changes in the activity. It is more sophisticated and does not change production according to the sales activity. Direct material variance the difference between the real purchase price of material and the standardised purchase price of the material is known as direct material variance. Total direct material varicance can get by multiplying the difference of the price with the actual quantity pu.rchased. It is very helpful to managers in making purchase decisions and enable them to find it favourable or unfavourable. For example, if a company buys 100,000 units of material and pays $5/ unit, compare to the standard price of the material which is $8/ unit, it is a favorable purchase. Labor Variance The differecnce between actual pay rate and the standard pay rate is known as  labor variance. The difference can be found out by multiplying the difference to the actual number of hours worked. For example if the difference is $2/ hour, and 20 hours of work was put in, the labor variance can be found out by multiplying 2 to 20( 2*20= 40) so the total variance is 40.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Operation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Operation management - Essay Example Operation function is vital in every organization because of its core duty of being involved in production of both products and services (Michael 2003). Process management can also be defined in terms of management where the mangers receive more experience on managing various types of operations in an organization. Operational and process management is applicable in industries because every function in an industry requires a process for it to be accomplished. Process perspective in business The process perspective is crucial in the management of any business. The process perspective is used by organizations to develop a model where business is analyzed at various levels. Processes are modeled to appropriately serve the business purpose. It involves shaping the processes to ensure customers’ needs are satisfied (Michael 2003). Strategic impact in operations and process management Operations and process management can be very crucial in the success of a business in terms of reve nues, the capacity, investment and the cost incurred in the process of doing business. All the parameters that contribute a success or failure in business should all be under control for a business to be having stability and the ability to be determining its future. The operations function of a business should be laid down to enable a future orientation that will hold. Management of process Business objectives and the process are different and are focused in a certain way. Basically the operations of different businesses may be different thus the management for each of them would just be different according to their capacities. A process with very high capacity should be flexible enough to handle the challenges posed by the complexity of the system. While managing businesses of varied processes, the customer’s perception of the activities should be treated with the utmost sensitivity. Therefore managing the customer’s perception would be vital in realizing a proper pro cess is in place. A combination of various processes and low level of variety would result in low cost. In managing these activities, it is important to consider designing the operation, the processes and services, planning and delivery of the process. Also more important in consideration is the process of managing the performance. Operations Strategy A strategy formation has four major steps to follow; they include definition of the tasks, assessment of the competences, determination of the orders in terms of the winners and the qualifiers and the firm positioning. The priorities for competitive approach include the costing, consideration of the quality, the speed of implementing the process and the process flexibility. Reducing the cost of operations includes installation of automated machines which in turn improve delivery of activities in various processes. Basically such improvements are implemented in the inventory, and record-keeping. Quality is basically based on the custome rs’ satisfaction which implies that every employee is empowered to deliver good services to the customers and for the industries as the manufacturing, the goods produced are ought to be of high quality (Knapp 2010). This can be achieved a frequent check in through a report tracking in the organization. Each process may be evaluated in terms of its quality. Time of delivery, variety of products and services would be crucial in serving the customers interest and diversity. They will have the choice of

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Ming Dynasty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ming Dynasty - Essay Example The essay "Ming Dynasty" analyzes the period of the rise of Ming dynasty which controlled China between 1368 and 1644. It was founded by the emperor whose aim was to see the success of dynasty after the fall of the previous empire. Ming dynasty was a prosperous period and respected cultural values. Ming dynasty was a period of cultural revival, expansion, and economic revival. Zhu Yuanzang reign made several changes, which include cutting taxes, and ensuring the government was cooperative. He also reorganized the administration. This period also saw the rise of military prowess. The number of the army improved significantly. During the reign of Emperor Chengzu who was a known sailor he improved foreign relation whenever he landed. His voyage saw an improved relationship with countries far away from China. In the final period of this dynasty saw improved trade activities. The dynasty usually traded in agricultural produce. This saw an improved income hence the economy became stable an d could sustain itself. There was also the revival of agriculture by Emperor Hongwu. This led to a production of surplus agricultural commodities. The excess produce was then sold to areas that he voyaged and this provided income to the dynasty. The progress the dynasty was faced with various challenges such as drought that affected agriculture. This led to various rebellions that saw the fall of the dynasty. This period had potential to improve China greatly. The failures at the end saw the decline of that progress to the level it started.

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Quantitative Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quantitative Critique - Essay Example A baseline pretest (T1) and two posttests at 1 month (T2) and 6 months (T3) were conducted after the experimental intervention or usual care. To measure the emotional distress among African American mothers, they used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD) scale. This 20-item scale assesses the frequency of feelings or behaviors such as the blues, loneliness, thinking one's life is a failure, and difficulty concentrating. Items are rated on a 4-point rating scale ranging from 0 (rarely) to 3 (frequently).Another test was used to assess mood or general affective state. This was the Profile of Mood States (POMS), a 65-item rating scale where respondents rate the frequency with which they experience these feelings using a 5-point rating scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely). Stigma was measured using the Demi HIV Stigma Scale, where content validity of the 3-item scale was supported through steps used in its development. This included literature on stigma associated with chronic illness and HIV to identify items as well as revisions based on focus group data from African American women with HIV w ho examined the items. Lastly, Miles et al.

Friday, July 26, 2019

Nutritional Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nutritional Assessment - Assignment Example a measurement is important is that for one, we can track the growth of infants and children by measuring their weight to length, the circumference of their heads, and the length, height, and weight. In the case of infants and toddlers, length is used because they are not able to stand properly or at all. Nutritional assessments are measured on adults by using the body mass index, measuring their percentage of body fat, and measuring their hip to waist ratio. This type of measurement is useful in enabling us to determine whether or not patients are at risks for certain diseases (Advameg, Inc., 2010). An example of an anthropometric measurement study is a study done by Raja Chakraborty and Kausik Bose to determine the nutritional status of men of the Gumla District, where the tribal populations are very undernourished (Chakraborty, Bose, 2008). The object of this study was to determine the similarities in the effects that undernourishment has on health as well as the reason for its occurrence. In order for an intervention or a cure, anthropometric measurements must be taken as this gives an indication of the extent of the effects that certain types of nutrition have on our bodies as well as helps the observer to best determine what source of action would be best suited to the patient. This is the reason that observers must be trained to collect anthropometric measurements in studies of nutritional status. In order for us to properly assess a child and whether or not he has a Vitamin A deficiency, it is important that we know the signs. Knowing the signs will not only enable us to detect the Vitamin A deficiency itself, we will also be able to determine the source of the deficiency, such as liver disorder/disease or malabsorbtion syndrome. The most common signs and symptoms of a child suffering from a Vitamin A deficiency is night blindness which can later progress to permanent blindness as a result of retinal injury. Assessing the extent of the clinical signs

Analysis of POLITICAL CARTOONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of POLITICAL CARTOONS - Essay Example t, Steve Breen, I realize that he has presented a very weighty issue of wage hike in contemporary societies, and the mechanisms that are either set in motion in its anticipation or brought about by its occurrence. The stable man withstanding the weight of an equally bulky man on top portrays small businesses in the economy of nations that more often than not, bear the weight of the pay hikes which despite their minimal status, bear huge weight on the small businesses. Despite the massive burden of the pay hike, the small businesses are seen to be resilient and persevere to sustain themselves and the weight altogether. The cartoon also displays some unethical practices occasioned by the introduction of the hike. Physically, the cartoon, shows the bulky individual-the weight- mercilessly down treading on rather clean and well pressed shirt of the man bearing the weight, introducing dirty marks on the shirt. Moreover, upon reaching the top, the carried man steps right in the nose of the one below, thereby suffocating him. Furthermore, the carried individual mercilessly strikes the eye of the one below and by that blinding him. In trying to decode this last range of observations, these acts could indicate the confusion that come with such issues of pay hike. The dirtying, blinding and the suffocation in the process of bearing the weight is suggestive of the corrupt practices and all other forms of unethical practices that the small businesses suffer from. The level of grooming of the man on the top is also suggestive of a golfer; a game conventionally associated with the wealthy. This can only suggest that those who go about corrupting the systems to their advantage are by majority, the wealthy. Comparably, the cartoon text seems to compute with more impact than the plainly written text about the same issue. This is because the visual impact of a cartoon is more enhanced than that of the written text. It is also agreeable that the use of different colors at

Thursday, July 25, 2019

The Human Aspects of Project Management and its Influence on Project Essay

The Human Aspects of Project Management and its Influence on Project Performance - Essay Example In the book Leading Change, Kotter has used the word urgency to describe the first phase so as to get a head start into the process of project management. This has to do with taking stock of competitive and market realities with a focus on crises and opportunities. (Kotter, 1996; Pp 242 - 340) This has been paralleled in Organizational Behavior and Management through a focus on competitive advantage which can be described as follows: (Ivancevich et al, 2004; Pp 49 - 53) This brings us to a discussion on the technicalities of the model proposed by Porter. Porters Five Forces model provides suggested points under each main heading. When taken into consideration individually, each of these gives rise to the development of a broad and sophisticated analysis of competitive position. (Barney, 2007; Pp 10 - 34) This may further be used during the creation of a strategy, plans, or even where making investment decisions about a business or organization is concerned. These five competitive forces determine industry profitability and attractiveness apart from being responsible for shaping the prices that firms can charge, the costs they have to bear, and the required investments to engage in industry level competition. We are concerned with the fact that Porter’s essentially ahistorical approach cannot provide a full account of either a nation’s competitive advantage and corporate strategies or the growth and development of industrial clusters. (Porter, 1998; Pp 35 - 42) According to Kotter, this phase has to do with teamwork and leadership with a focus on integrating the two so as to bring out the best in each individual employee. (Kotter, 1996; Pp 242 - 340) To begin with, the way Ivancevich et al have described the principles of teamwork closely resembles the principles of scientific management as laid down by F W Taylor. Developed by Frederick W Taylor in the early 20th century, Scientific Management is a science based system of organizing the

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Discussion about Eurodisney case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion about Eurodisney - Case Study Example The customs and day-to-day routine of Europe’s inhabitants proved to be different and unique compared to those experienced in America and China. Planning was, therefore, mostly based on assumptions made about observations recorded by researchers on European culture. For example, the team involved in the planning, was of the assumption that most Europeans do not take breakfast. They, therefore, made smaller dining areas for the serving of breakfast meals. The outcome of this was that thrice the predicted number of people showed up for breakfast. They also overestimated their annual growth expected figure. They forecast indicated a 1.5% annual growth rate (Warren, 2002). On the other hand, reasons for failure can be attributed to other factors and not on the failure of their project cost planning. For example, Europe began to suffer effects of high inflation. This automatically affected the whole project increasing the costs required to finance the entire project. The French government agreed to share the wealth that was soon to be generated from the project if it proved successful. French citizens, therefore, had to invest in the project by meeting some of the financial obligations. However, the high inflation rates affected most citizens’ ability to invest in the project. In addition, the production costs rocketed throughout the entire project (Warren, 2002). The case study is a clear and concise depiction of what happens in the real world. Most organizations prepare project cost plans when dealing with new projects. This is an extremely beneficial way in which the organizations can treat the new project as a separate entity. This helps to shield the organization from unforeseen risks, which can be, detrimental to the parent company. The entire plan relies on a system that will allow for the project to pay for all expenses incurred during its development (Warren, 2002). Project cost planning is common in businesses exposed to

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Article Critique Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article Critique Assignment - Essay Example It is at this time that companies have to make use of effective communication regarding employee benefits. Many employees are not even aware that their benefits like health plans, employer-paid life insurance, pension deposits, tuition reimbursement programmes and employee assistance programmes amount to roughly one third of their salary. Wise employers would try to make clear to the worried employees at these times that the benefits they are provided are a way to show how much their service are appreciated. Effective explanation of the real value of benefits will lead to higher levels of employee satisfaction. This will also reduce the instances of talented employees being lured by seemingly higher salaries, since the awareness of the real value of their benefits would help them make realistic calculations, which will convince them why it is better to stick on to their current job. Communication helps not only to retain talent, but to maintain the morale as well. Those who are worri ed about the lack of bonuses and incentives, and the fear of staff cuts, the reassurance that their compensation is as much as 25% more than what they thought it was could curb the bitterness. Morano suggests a total compensation communications campaign, which can be realized at a minimal cost. This could also be supplemented at an even lower cost and a more dynamic manner – communicating the benefit plan at a one-to-one basis. With the effective implementation of these strategies, the high anxiety among employees can be minimized drastically, and the productivity of the company can be maintained even during the crises of economic recession. 2. During the time of economic recession, employees are not able to show their appreciation towards the good work of their employees with raises, bonuses or incentives. The constricted budgets do not allow them to be generous towards their employees even if they want it. The employees may experience a lot

Monday, July 22, 2019

My Favourite Communication Essay Example for Free

My Favourite Communication Essay Introduction to communication, I not only have more knowledge, and skills but also having real experiences. Nonverbal Communication and establishing relationship level meaning which are the most important things I had been learned. Nonverbal communication is crucial in relationships because it is essentially the leading factor for communication. There are three different ways that nonverbal communication is shown in relationships: responsiveness, liking, and power. Responsiveness is when we use our eye contact, posture, and body gestures to convey our emotions and thoughts to the other person. For instance, if someone were to slouch in their chair and have a bored look on their face, they are probably conveying that they dont care about the class or that they are not interested in anything that is being said. Liking is a way to show positive communication towards others. Examples of this would be smiles, hugs, kisses, high fives, etc. Learning about nonverbal communication and how it establishes relationship level meaning is crucial in my everyday life. Nonverbal communication is essential in any relationship so learning about responsiveness, liking, and power, will give me a better understanding on the quality and level of my relationships. For instance, when I am working with a group at university, I will be able to better understand and have better awareness of the people who want to work and those who do not. It not only helps to better understand nonverbal communication but also to be aware of it in every situation. In my future career, nonverbal communication will play a fundamental role. If I am to pursue a profession in sign language interpreting, I will have to be able to tune my senses to everything nonverbal. Sign language is all about facial expression and body language, so learning about postures and gestures in nonverbal communication will really give me a tool to be aware of the nonverbal behaviors.

Benefits of reading newspapers Essay Example for Free

Benefits of reading newspapers Essay UIUC Physics 436 EM Fields Sources II Fall Semester, 2011 Supplemental Handout Prof. Steven Errede American Wire Gauge (AWG) Metric Gauge Wire Sizes AWG Wire Sizes (see table below) AWG: In the American Wire Gauge (AWG), diameters can be calculated by applying the formula: D(AWG) = 0.005 * 92 ((36-AWG)/39) inch. For the 00, 000, 0000 etc. gauges you use -1, -2, -3, which makes more sense mathematically than â€Å"double nought.† This means that in American Wire Gauge every 6 gauge decrease gives a doubling of the wire diameter, and every 3 gauge decrease doubles the wire cross sectional area – just like calculating dB’s in signal levels. Metric Wire Gauges (see table below) Metric Gauge: In the Metric Gauge scale, the gauge is 10 times the diameter in millimeters, thus a 50 gauge metric wire would be 5 mm in diameter. Note that in AWG the diameter goes up as the gauge goes down. Metric is the opposite. Probably because of this confusion, most of the time metric sized wire is specified in millimeters rather than metric gauges. Load Carrying Capacities (see table below) The following chart is a guideline of â€Å"ampacity†, or copper wire current-carrying capacity following the Handbook of Electronic Tables and Formulas for American Wire Gauge. As you might guess, the rated â€Å"ampacities† are just a rule of thumb. In careful engineering the insulation temperature limit, thickness, thermal conductivity, and air convection and temperature should all be taken into account. The Maximum Amps for Power Transmission uses the 700 circular mils per amp rule, which is very conservative. The Maximum Amps for Chassis Wiring is also a conservative rating, but is meant for wiring in air, and not in a bundle. For short lengths of wire, such as is used in battery packs, you should trade off the resistance and load with size, weight, and flexibility.  © Professor Steven Errede, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 2005-2008. All Rights Reserved. 1 UIUC Physics 436 EM Fields Sources II Fall Semester, 2011 Supplemental Handout Prof. Steven Errede AWG Gauge Diameter (Inches) Diameter (mm) Ohms per 1000†² (@ T=20oC) Ohms per km (@ T=20oC) Max amps for chassis wiring Max amps for power X-mission 0000 000 00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Metric 2.0 33 Metric 1.8 34 Metric 1.6 35 Metric 1.4 36 Metric 1.25 37 Metric 1.12 38 Metric 1 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 0.4600 0.4096 0.3648 0.3249 0.2893 0.2576 0.2294 0.2043 0.1819 0.1620 0.1443 0.1285 0.1144 0.1019 0.0907 0.0808 0.0720 0.0641 0.0571 0.0508 0.0453 0.0403 0.0359 0.0320 0.0285 0.0254 0.0226 0.0201 0.0179 0.0159 0.0142 0.0126 0.0113 0.0100 0.0089 0.0080 0.00787 0.00710 0.00709 0.00630 0.00630 0.00560 0.00551 0.00500 0.00492 0.00450 0.00441 0.00400 0.00394 0.00350 0.00310 0.00280 0.00250 0.00220 0.00200 0.00176 0.00157 0.00140 11.6840 10.40384 9.26592 8.25246 7.34822 6.54304 5.82676 5.18922 4.62026 4.11480 3.66522 3.26390 2.90576 2.58826 2.30378 2.05232 1.82880 1.62814 1.45034 1.29032 1.15062 1.02362 0.91186 0.81280 0.72390 0.64516 0.57404 0.51054 0.45466 0.40386 0.36068 0.32004 0.28702 0.254 0.22606 0.2032 0.200 0.18034 0.18000 0.16002 0.16002 0.14224 0.14000 0.12700 0.12500 0.11430 0.11200 0.10160 0.10000 0.08890 0.07874 0.07112 0.06350 0.05588 0.05080 0.04470 0.03988 0.03556 0.0490 0.0618 0.0779 0.0983 0.1239 0.1563 0.1970 0.2485 0.3133 0.3951 0.4982 0.6282 0.7921 0.9989 1.2600 1.5880 2.0030 2.5250 3.1840 4.0160 5.0640 6.3850 8.0510 10.150 12.800 16.140 20.36 25.67 32.37 40.81 51.47 64.9 81.83 103.2 130.1 164.1 169.4 206.9 207.5 260.9 260.9 329.0 339.0 414.8 428.2 523.1 533.8 659.6 670.2 831.8 1049 1323 1659 2143 2593 3348 4207 5291 0.160720 0.202704 0.255512 0.322424 0.406392 0.512664 0.646160 0.815080 1.027624 1.295928 1.634096 2.060496 2.598088 3.276392 4.132800 5.208640 6.569840 8.282000 10.44352 13.17248 16.60992 20.94280 26.40728 33.29200 41.98400 52.93920 66.78080 84.19760 106.1736 133.8568 168.8216 212.8720 268.4024 338.4960 426.7280 538.2480 555.6100 678.6320 680.5500 855.7520 855.7520 1079.120 1114 1360 1404 1715 1750 2163 2198 2728 3442 4341 5443 7031 8507 10984 13802 17359 380 328 283 245 211 181 158 135 118 101 89 73 64 55 47 41 35 32 28 22 19 16 14 11 9 7 4.7 3.5 2.7 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.2 0.86 0.700 0.530 0.510 0.430 0.430 0.330 0.330 0.270 0.260 0.210 0.200 0.170 0.163 0.130 0.126 0.110 0.090 302 239 190 150 119 94 75 60 47 37 30 24 19 15 12 9.3 7.4 5.9 4.7 3.7 2.9 2.3 1.8 1.5 1.2 0.92 0.729 0.577 0.457 0.361 0.288 0.226 0.182 0.142 0.1130 0.0910 0.0880 0.0720 0.0720 0.0560 0.0560 0.0440 0.0430 0.0350 0.0340 0.0289 0.0277 0.0228 0.0225 0.0175 0.0137 2  © Professor Steven Errede, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 2005-2008. All Rights Reserved. UIUC Physics 436 EM Fields Sources II Fall Semester, 2011 Supplemental Handout Prof. Steven Errede  © Professor Steven Errede, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 2005-2008. All Rights Reserved. 3

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Ayatollah Khomeini and Gamal Abdul-Nasser Comparison

Ayatollah Khomeini and Gamal Abdul-Nasser Comparison Introduction: Ayatollah Khomeini and Gamal Abdul-Nasser have both played an important role in the historical activities of the 20th century in the Middle East. This is because their leadership was revolutionary, and they played a role in changing the various governments that existed in Egypt, and Iran. It is important to understand that the regimes in Iran and Egypt were monarchies, at the time, and the two leaders led their followers in overthrowing these regimes. The revolutions in Iran and Egypt occurred under different contexts, or social backgrounds. For example, the revolution in Iran occurred when the country was enjoying economic and political prosperity. However, this assertion is contested. This is because at the time of the revolution, Iran was experiencing un-employment rate of approximately 30%[1]. Unemployment is one of the indicators of poor development and economic growth. Based on this fact, the assertion that Iran was politically and economically stable is false, and does not hol d any ground. On the other hand, the revolution in Egypt occurred when the country was experiencing a series of poor political and economic governance. Despite the differences in these revolutions, and the two leaders, Gamal Abdul Nasser and Ayatollah Khomeini shared a lot of similarities as well as differences in their leadership structure and system[2]. One major similarity is that the two leaders were charismatic, and they sought to eliminate any form of opposition to their leadership. For instance, Nasser ordered a crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood, a group that was opposing his leadership, while Ayatollah Khomeini sought to kill any political supporters of the Shah. This paper takes a stand that both Ayatollah Khomeini and Gamal Abdul-Nasser were charismatic leaders, who influenced their societies and people, despite their undemocratic systems of governance. Differences and Similarities between Abdel Nasser and Ayatollah Khomeini: Gamal Abdul Nasser was the second Egyptian president, and he began his presidency in the year 1956, to the time he died, which was in 1970. He played an instrumental role in the overthrow of the Egyptian monarch in the year 1952, and as a result, he was rewarded with a post, as a deputy prime minister[3]. This is an indication that Gamal Abdul Nasser was an important leader to the revolutionaries, and he was held in high esteem. Furthermore, the power and authority that Gamal Abdul Nasser had is depicted when he managed to arrest President Muhammad Naguib, and place him under house arrest. This is an authority that a deputy prime minister cannot possess, and this is because the President is the head of the state and government. President Muhammad Naguib was a president by name, but he did not have real authority[4]. In the year 1956, a public referendum was able to grant him the presidency, and the adoption of the Egyptian constitution. Ayatollah Khomeini on the other hand, does not have any military background, but he was a religious scholar. He used religion to control his people, and consolidate power, after the revolution. One of the leadership styles of Abdul Nasser and Ayatollah Khomeini was authoritarianism[5]. President Nasser wanted complete loyalty from his subjects, and he did not condone any form of opposition. This is depicted in the manner in which he handled President Naguib, and this is because they had different ideological beliefs. Nasser was able to depose President Naguib, and he ordered an onslaught on thousands of people who were opposed to him. Nasser was able to take advantage of an attempted assassination on him, to crack down on any political opposition that he faced. This is depicted when he was able to dismiss and arrest any supporter of President Naguib, who was in t he army or the civil service. This is despite these people playing no role in his attempted assassination, or even having no links with the Muslim Brotherhood. Furthermore, President Naguib was placed under house arrest, and no trial was held to find out whether he had a role in this attempted assassination or not. This is an indication, that the government did not have any proof that the President played a role in the assassination of Gamal Nasser, however, it was a mechanism of ensuring that the opponents of Gamal were removed, so that he could transcend to power easily. The authoritarian nature of Nasser is further seen when he is trying to restrict the freedom of expression and information. Nasser was able to impose a series of controls on the media and press of the country. This is by issuing a decree that any publication had to acquire the approval of the governing party, which was referred to as the National Union. The major aim of these censures was to prevent the publication of any information that could compromise the character of Abdel Nasser and his leadership. This is a major characteristic of authoritarian regimes. Almost all authoritarian regimes normally prevent a free flow of information. This is as the case of Iran, under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini. On assumption of leadership, the Ayatollah Khomeini was able to regulate any information that the media was providing[6]. He did not tolerate any criticism or opposition to his rule. Furthermore, he used the media to create a personality cult that revolved around him. The media therefore played an instrumental role in raising the profiles of Ayatollah Khomeini and President Nasser. This is because they regulated information, for purposes of depicting only the aspects that were favorable to them. Regulation of the media is an important characteristic of states which are not democratic. In fact, Ayatollah Khomeini did not hide the fact that he hated democracy. Khomeini referred to democracy as corruption, and an aspect that can destroy a country. Therefore, Ayatollah Khomeini denoted that anybody who was seeking to promote democracy would be oppressed and hanged[7]. This is an indication that democracy was not a favorable style of governance for Khomeini. Furthermore, he used religion to justify his style of governance. Khomeini argues that religion does not support any form of democracy, and therefore god has commanded for its abolition, and oppression of anybody supporting or practicing democracy. Religion plays an important role in shaping the be liefs and values of people. Khomeini realized this notion, and he therefore used religion to advance and protect his leadership. By citing the Quran, and using religious contexts such as the fatwa, Ayatollah Khomeini was able to consolidate his leadership. Fatwa was a religious term that indicated a death sentence to anybody who did not follow the provisions of Islam. Ayatollah Khomeini also did not accept any opposition, and he executed all his opponents, and the supporters of the Shah. Executions were the order of the day, during his leadership. By the time Khomeini was dying, he had executed approximately 30,000 people. Furthermore, Khomeini was able to oppress and ban political groups such as The Muslims Republican Party, and the National Democratic Front. This is because these groups were advocating for democratic reforms, and good governance. These are policies that Khomeini did not want to pursue. Nasser on the other hand did not believe in executions, or killing of his political opponents. All that he did was to exile or imprison his political opponents. A good example is President Naguib, whom he imprisoned, after which, he forced him to exile. Furthermore, unlike Khomeini, Nasser did not use religion to promote undemocratic behaviors. This is because he played a role in drafting the 1956 Egyptian constitution which did not recognize a multi-party system of governance. This constitution recognized Egypt as single party state, with the party under consideration called the National Union. This party dominated Egyptian politics, and nobody was permitted to vie for any political office, outside this party[8]. This is a characteristic of a state that is not democratic. Countries such as China, and the Soviet Union only allowed political competition within a one party system. Any competition outside the party was restricted, and not allowed. A one party system is normally used to advance the interests and aspirations of the people controlling the party. This is the reason Abdel Nasser was able to influence the constitution so that it could create a one party system of governance. Furthermore, he was in control of the party, and hence he was assured of its leadership, if the constitution was passed through a popular initiative. Furthermore, in 1965, Abdel Nasser was able to use the courts in barring his political competitors from running for office. Through this action, President Nasser did not have any political competitors, and it ensured that he easily assailed to office. Ayatollah Khomeini also played a role in influencing the legal system of Iran. Take for example in the 1998 execution of political prisoners in Iran[9]. Ayatollah Khomeini issued a decree to all judicial courts to judge every political prisoner, and execute anybody who did not repent on their anti-regime activities. It is important to understand that despite the authoritarian and undemocratic leadership of these two leaders, they were highly influential and liked by their people. For example, after Abdel Nasser lost the six day war, and he resigned, he was forced back into office through a large and numerous protests. On the other hand, after the death of Ayatollah Khomeini, his was well mourned, by millions and millions of people. This is mainly because their leadership was revolutionary in nature, and they introduced a series of changes and reforms in their countries. This includes constitutional changes and reforms. Conclusion: In conclusion, the leadership style of President Nasser and Ayatollah Khomeini are similar and different in many aspects. One similarity is that both of them were revolutionaries. President Nasser sought to introduce a new constitution in Egypt, which was secular in nature. On the other hand, Ayatollah Khomeini introduced a new constitution in Iran, which was religious in nature, and it identified a Supreme Leader, who was supposed to be an Ayatollah. Another similarity is that both leaders were undemocratic, and did not tolerate any opposition to their leadership. They did not allow freedom of expression, by closing or regulating any content that appeared on the media. In fact, Ayatollah Khomeini is accused of closing any media house that criticized his government. On the other hand, President Nasser used his National Union Party to regulate any content that appeared on the media. The two were also charismatic leaders, and they were able to get a lot of support from the citizens of their country. This is despite their oppressive and undemocratic rule. The major difference in their rule is the use of the military. Both of them were able to get the support of the military in advancing their agenda. However, President Nasser had a military background, and he used his military background to get the support of the army. Ayatollah Khomeini on the other hand used religion to get the support of the military and the people. Bibliography: Berlatsky, Noah. The Iranian Revolution. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. Goodarzi, Jubin M. Syria and Iran Diplomatic Alliance and Power Politics in the Middle East.  New ed. London: I.B. Tauris, 2009. McNamara, Robert. Britain, Nasser and the Balance of Power in the Middle East, 1952-1967  from the Egyptian Revolution to the Six-Day War. London: Frank Cass, 2003. Owen, Roger. State, Power, and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East. 2nd ed.  London: Routledge, 2000. [1] Jubin Goodarzi, Syria and Iran Diplomatic Alliance and Power Politics in the Middle East (New ed. London: I.B. Tauris, 2009), 62. [2] Noah Berlatsky, The Iranian Revolution, (Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012), 31 [3] Goodarzi, Syria and Iran Diplomatic Alliance and Power Politics in the Middle East, 72 [4] Roger Owen, State, Power, and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East, 2nd ed.( London: Routledge, 2000), 23 [5] Berlatsky, The Iranian Revolution,44 [6] Owen, State, Power, and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East, 27 [7] Berlatsky, The Iranian Revolution,51 [8] Robert McNamara, Britain, Nasser and the Balance of Power in the Middle East, 1952-1967 from the Egyptian Revolution to the Six-Day War (London: Frank Cass, 2003), 36 [9] Berlatsky, The Iranian Revolution,39

Saturday, July 20, 2019

National Debt :: Argumentative Economics Economy Papers

National Debt Who is to blame for amassing such debt in times of peace and relative prosperity, a debt that would have shamed our nation's founders? ALL OF US! First there was the Republican presidents of Ronald Reagan and George Bush who lacked simple economic sense, calculated their budgets more for political gain than for economic effect. While the Democrats controling Congress who resisted the spending cuts and tax increases needed to balance the budget. Last and most important the voters who supported the candidates of both parties who kept telling us what we wanted to hear instead of what we needed to hear. Every year, the federal government spends more than it collects in taxes. To make up the differences, the government borrows hundreds of billions of dollars annually, competing in the marketplace against private enterprise for the use of the money saved by American citizens. The deficit amounts to $1,150 for every single American. That is the sum your government borrowed on your behalf last year, whether you wanted them to or not. We will continue our viscious cycle of having to raise taxes, cut spending, and borrow more and more money to pay interest upon interest. Yes, I feel the Republican Plan should be vetoed just because they are planning to make those draconian cuts into our social fabric. And of those social fabrics is education for our future children. They want to cut spending in education, raise taxes, and give tax breaks for the rich. It helps only the rich voters who support the Republicans and gives more money to the Republicans for government spending. And does nothing for the

Friday, July 19, 2019

jack landon :: essays research papers fc

The idea of peaceful rebellion through nature is the basis for many books. Kipling was one of the first one to do it through many of his novels, but Jack London got a lot deeper into that concept. He was born in 1876 in San Francisco, an illegitimate child born to a single woman, but his mother did marry a man named John London, and named her son John London. This family moved a lot, but ended up in San Francisco again where John London, now known as Jack London worked in the bay patrol. Jack was one of the first ones to go to Alaska in the time of gold rush, he did not get rich with gold, but he recorded the Alaskan life and put it in his books. The series of books about Alaskan life are some of his most known works, such as "The Son of the Wolf" and White Fang, in which Jack London portrays the similar themes of the hard life in Alaska, the learning experience of men and animals, and the lifelong fight for survival. Oh what a hard life it was in Alaska. But why would anyone go there if it was so hard, one might ask. (Glass, 529) Well it was the gold rush of eighteen ninety eight, many looked north for a way to get rich easy, some looked for adventures, but there were not many of those. Jack London portrays the hard lives of the adventurers who went to the Klondike River valley for gold, but got a lot more than they burgeoned for. In one of the stories, from a collection called "The Son of the Wolf", Jack London described a mad hunt for gold. A person enters the yet innocent soil, near a stream, and as soon as he does, starts digging hungrily for gold. He finds some, but not even enough to keep, so he throws it away. He works without food for many hours, so engulfed by his task, that he doesn't even see that it's dark. This continues for several days, until he finds a lot of gold, by then the valley looks line a minefield. While digging he is shot in the back by a thief, but so overtaken by greed, he manages to beat his assassin down and kill him. And what's ironic, he wouldn't even touch a deer, but as his treasure is threatened to be taken away from him, he kills a person.

Beauty and The Bluest Eye :: Bluest Eye Essays

Beauty and The Bluest Eye Toni Morrison's novel, The Bluest Eye contributes to the study of the American novel by bringing to light an unflattering side of American history. The story of a young black girl named Pecola, growing up in Lorain, Ohio in 1941 clearly illustrates the fact that the "American Dream" was not available to everyone. The world that Pecola inhabits adores blonde haired blue eyed girls and boys. Black children are invisible in this world, not special, less than nothing. The idea that the color of your skin somehow made you lesser was cultivated by both whites and blacks. White skin meant beauty and privilege and that idea was not questioned at this time in history. The idea that the color of your skin somehow made you less of a person contaminated black people's lives in many different ways. The taunts of schoolboys directed at Pecola clearly illustrate this fact; "It was their contempt for their own blackness that gave the first insult its teeth" (65). This self hatred also po ssessed an undercurrent of anger and injustice that eventually led to the civil rights movement. The characters in this book as well as the time period mark a time in American history that played an important role in the ideas of equality and freedom. All of the elements on which this country were founded upon were twisted so they no longer applied to blacks and other minorities in this country. The life led by Pecola as well as others like her good or bad is a part of history that was experienced by many Americans in all parts of the country. While it is questionable whether total equality has been reached in this country, many ideas have changed for the better. This book is significant because it shows a different side to American literature as well as life. Morrison points out what has changed and what has stayed the same. While people are generally equal, there are still prejudices in the idea of what is beautiful and who is worthy.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Discobolus by Myron (Ancient Greek Art)

In any history, and above all in the history of art, there are two main aspects, from which the subject may be considered. The subject may be either studied from the point of view of general tendencies, the development of types and ideas, their national character, and the circumstances that surrounded and fostered their growth; or attention may be given to the achievements of individuals, their personality, and the contributions that they respectively made to the general progress.It is true that in any comprehensive study the two must be blended, must supplement and confirm each other. Whichever principle is followed to guide the selection and arrangement of the facts, the study cannot follow it to the entire exclusion of the other. Yet the artist is no less dependent upon external circumstances for the occasion and the material of his works.Had not the predecessors worked through generations of experiment and observation to improve the familiar types, to attain mastery over the stub born substance of marble and bronze, and to acquire and perfect a skilled technique in the treatment of the nude and of drapery, no sculptor of the fifth century could have conceived or executed the bold yet symmetrical contortions of the Discobolus. Had Myron been born a century earlier, he could no more have produced these works than if he had lived at the present day.Before the study approaches the work of this individual master, it may be advisable to take a more general survey of the character of Greek sculpture, as contrasted with earlier and later styles. No art, and especially that of sculpture, can make true progress unless it is constantly kept in touch with nature by observation. Here again the social surroundings of the Greek artist gave him an immense advantage over all others. The daily exercises in the palaestra or gymnasium and the frequently recurring athletic festivals gave him constant opportunities for observing the human form both in rest and in action.This perf ection of condition and of all-round muscular development with the help of a well-trained memory is one of the chief attainments of Myron. For the observation of drapery, too, he had constant opportunities in the figures that surrounded him in daily life. There he could see a variety and grace of texture and of folds such as no draping of a model in unfamiliar garments and materials could ever have suggested. It is true that the same opportunities for varied observation did not exist in the case of the nude female figure.It is perhaps for this very reason that Greek statues of this type, however beautiful in form, rarely if ever impress us with the same breadth and nobility of conception as the corresponding male figures, whether of gods or men. The feeling of the Greeks themselves about the matter is well illustrated by the story of Zeuxis at Croton , how the people of that town, when they commissioned him to paint a picture of Helen, and wished to give him every opportunity for ex celling himself in such a subject, allowed him to see a selection of the most beautiful of their maidens just as freely as he could see their brothers exercising in the palaestra.This is evidently the meaning of the story, though it is misinterpreted by some later authorities in accordance with the eclectic spirit of their own age. Myron was a Greek sculptor. He is supposed to have been a pupil of Ageladas of Argos, but he worked largely in Athens. Sculpting in bronze, he was noted for his animals (of which no examples have survived) and for his athletes in action. His works are known through descriptions by ancient writers, such as Pliny and Pausanias, and two of them by copies, the Discobolus (Gr. discus thrower), the best copy of which is the Lancelotti Discobolus in Rome (Terme Museum), and Athena and Marsyas, of which there are also Roman copies . We know but little about Myron’s life. He was a native of Eleutherae, a town on the frontier of Attica and Boeotia. To judge from the list of his works and the places where they were set up, he must have enjoyed a reputation throughout Hellenic lands. The statues of athletic victors from his hand could be seen at Olympia and at Delphi. However, several of his most famous works were in Athens, and it is probable that his artistic career was mainly associated with that city.He is recorded, however, to have been a pupil of the Argive sculptor Ageladas, who was for a long time the acknowledged leader of the Peloponnesian School of athletic sculpture; and it is said that his fellow-pupils were Phidias and Polyclitus. The dates of Myron’s artistic career can be fixed with certainty by the Olympiads of the victors whose statues he made; Lycinus won in 448 B. C. , and Timanthes in 456; Ladas probably in 476; but so famous an athlete may have had a statue set up in his honor some years after the event.The traditional date given by Pliny, which makes Myron a contemporary of Polyclitus, is evidently wrong. Hi s son Lycius was employed on an important public commission, the statues set up by the knights of Athens at the entrance to the Acropolis, about 446 B. C. We must, therefore, assign the artistic activity of Myron himself to the first half of the fifth century. His early manhood must have coincided with the period of the Persian wars. Of the great men of this period, our knowledge, after all, is most unsatisfactory.Only one of the transitional sculptors who are mentioned by ancient writers, Myron, has a definite personality. He was clearly an artist of decidedly individual tendencies, who can hardly be called typical of any school. Though all of Myron’s works have perished, we have copies of at least two of them, from which we can gain a fairly clear idea of this ancient master. This is the first time that we have had to deal with copies, and it may be worthwhile, therefore, to digress for a moment and consider the nature of the copies on which much of our knowledge of ancient sculpture depends.In the later days of antiquity, especially after the Roman conquest of Greece, there was evidently an enormous demand for reproductions of the famous works of Greek sculpture, and numerous artists devoted themselves to supplying this demand. Some seem to reproduce their originals with considerable exactness; others are obviously far inferior to them. Often one copy was made from another, and sometimes the copyists did not hesitate to alter the originals in details, so that many of their productions are reflections rather than copies, in any exact sense.One very common alteration was the addition of a support in the form of a tree-stump or some other object. This was almost always employed when the copyist, as frequently happened, was working out a marble copy of a bronze original. Moreover, mutilated ancient statues, when they were dug out of the ground, were commonly handed over to a marble-worker for â€Å"restoration†, that is, for the addition of legs o r heads or noses, whatever, in fact, was necessary to make the statue complete.Thus, we have constantly to keep in mind that in dealing with copies, the problem often is to determine, from several widely divergent and differently restored copies, the general appearance and the details of an ancient statue. This method of procedure is excellently illustrated by the most famous of Myron’s works, the Discobolus, or Discus-thrower. The copies of this, which have been found, vary greatly in details. All are marred by the supporting tree-stump, though this was differently treated by different copyists.Only one has a head, which has never been broken off and which shows the original position, as it is described by Lucian. One fragmentary copy was completely misunderstood by the sculptor to whom it was handed over and restored as a fleeing Niobid! The Discobolus is justly famous for its splendid suggestion of vigorous manhood, its bold pose, and its perfect balance. If it were not fo r the formal locks of hair, the rather expressionless face, and some ancient evidence, which fixes the career of Myron in the first half of the fifth century, the statue might well be regarded as a work of the great age of Greek sculpture.As it is, we must probably assign the original to the years just before 450, and regard the unusual freedom with which it is conceived as proof of the originality of Myron rather than as evidence of a general adoption of such active poses by the men of the transitional time. Such an inference is borne out by some other works of the master, such as his group of Athena and Marsyas, and especially his Ladas, a statue of a runner poised on tiptoe just as he reached the goal, a work of which only literary accounts are preserved.Moreover, down to the time of Alexander the Great such violent action as is suggested by these works was rarely represented by the Greek sculptors. These particular innovations, therefore, were little imitated by Myron’s i mmediate successors, but there can be little doubt that much of the progress made during the transitional period was due to his initiative. In compensation for this cooling of ancient enthusiasm, we may perhaps extenuate the one weakness noted by the ancients. He was accounted a master of anatomy and action, but weak in the rendering of the face.Conceding that the faces are not very expressive, it may be doubted whether this is altogether a weakness. It is questionable whether the athletes whom he represents were very expressive of countenance, and it is altogether certain that their faces were not the subject of chief attention. In still further subordinating facial expression, Myron is but following the great law of concentration, which is recognized in all great art. Probably he could not in any case have been a master of psychic analysis, but it is more than doubtful if his themes would have gained by such mastery.Other masters of the same theme long betray the same tendency. My ron was the earliest of the great masters of Greek sculpture. That is to say, he was the earliest sculptor whose works appeared, even to critics who were familiar with the whole range of later art, to be admirable alike for the boldness and originality of their design and the skill of their execution, and who was spoken of in the same breath with Polyclitus and Lysippus, with Phidias and Praxiteles. Quintilian himself declares that to find fault with the Discobolus argues a lack of appreciation of art.The Dorian sculptor Myron specialized in athletes. A marble copy found in Rome demonstrates the way a sculptor may at the same time hold to conventions and reach out toward new forms. The Discus Thrower is really designed to be seen only from the front. Anyone who moves around to the side of this piece can see that it is all on a flat plane. The general line of the figure, which starts with the left foot and runs up through the arms, ending in the discus, suggests somewhat the tension of an opened spring, which will snap shut and propel the wheel into space.The muscles appear about as natural as those in the contemporary Olympian pediment sculpture, and yet this is a single figure. Up to that time, single figures had always some religious significance and therefore remained columnar or geometric. This one is frankly realistic and may have been made pretty much for its own sake. It was no new departure in art for Myron to represent an athlete practicing the exercise in which he excelled. His great attainment, as exemplified by the Discobolus, was the choice of a subject and a moment that was suitable to representation in sculpture.He appears to have been the first to realize the principle, never afterwards violated in Greek sculpture of the best period, that a statue or a sculptural group must be complete in itself, must possess a certain unity and concentration, so as to attract and contain the interest of the spectator within the work itself, and not to direct i t to other extraneous objects, nor even to allow it to wander away. In the Discobolus, the self-contained completeness in the action finds its expression and counterpart in the lines of the composition itself.It may be, as Quintilian says, labored and contorted, but the result is not, as might have been expected, restless in effect or tiring to the eye, because every part is in harmony with the whole, and the eye is carried on by an easy and pleasing succession of outlines round the whole contour of the figure . Beside this excellence of artistic composition, the clever choice of the right moment for representation and of an athletic exercise in which such a moment occurs must also be allowed their merit.The disc or quoit was not aimed at any mark, but merely hurled as far as possible in a given direction, as in the modern competitions of putting the weight or throwing the hammer. Therefore, there was no need for the eye of the competitor to be turned towards a distant goal, but the head could follow the motion of the arm that swung the quoit, the position of the feet sufficing to define the direction of the throw.A false restoration, which makes the thrower turn his head toward this direction, not only produces a painful and even impossible attitude, but also destroys the harmony of the composition, by breaking in upon the system of concentric curves in which every member of the body follows the swing of the extended arm. Athleticism, however, gave one important thing to the Greeks. It was from the models in the palaestra and the stadium that the sculptors of Greece drew their inspiration.It was of course an immense benefit to that art to be able to see the stripped body at exercise in the sunlight, and that, coupled with the natural Greek sense of form, is the secret of the unchallenged supremacy of Greek sculpture. Perfect anatomy of the body was achieved even before the face could be properly rendered. The nude male figure was the favorite theme of fifth-c entury art, and extraordinary perfection was reached by Myron. Myron’s Discobolus is, of course, one of the best known of ancient statues. There are few statues of the fifth century, which thus select an instant out of a series of movements.In the Discobolus, the clear lines of demarcation are not inconsistent with a correct and skilful modeling of the surface. The effect is perhaps somewhat dry, and suggests the appearance of a man in hard training, and even the tension of muscles that would not be exerted at the moment of action is portrayed. However, what convention is left is so thoroughly harmonized with the results of fresh observation as to give the impression of a living body, and to justify the criticism applied to Myron by ancient critics, that he â€Å"almost captured the souls of men and animals in his bronzes† .

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Leadership And Management Skills Portfolio

Introduction This reflective exertion focal pointes on assessing my personal weaknesses in polar beas. It starts by a self judicial decision of my personal organic evolution hold ups.The next parting looks at the ambitiousies I experienced on mingled issues. Fin eery last(predicate)y, the effect final causes for self-development in the respective(a) atomic number 18as be suggested.Portfolio Section 1Planning and personal prudence acquirements development a paper figure out, I assessed my think and personal heed skills to look areas of development. Concerning forgening, I scored 13, which is a relatively dispirited score. This indicates an area for development because my score was slight(prenominal) than 24, which was the score I had to attain to submit that I did non gain development. I k saucy this was a weakness and a concern for me prior to foremost my postgraduate studies composition go awaying undecomposed cartridge holder. On the fourth dim ension man historic periodment dimension, I scored 15 and this present a need for further development. I should expect a score of above 24 to demonst say that this area did non require further development. The issue of epoch circumspection was a concern for me because of starting my postgraduate studies and determineings full time. I crap had ch tout ensembleenges in the past characterized by attempting to do too much at work and non managing my time tellingly. The off practise scores on both blueprintning and time management reveal that I affirm challenges with p regiontariat prioritization. An effect plan for self-development in these areas is presented later under t petition prioritization.Learning call Honey and Mumford designed a Learning Styles Questionnaire that is used in assessing the knowledge styles of idiosyncratics, and these are categorised into activists, theorists, pragmatists, and reflectors (Jarvis, 2005). When I consummate this questionnaire, the results showed that I bedevil a pissed privilegeence for the activist schooling style and a moderate preference for the pragmatist encyclopedism style. As an activist, I enjoy brisk experiences, I am active and aim on intuitive decision qualification and I harbour an aversion to mental synthesis (Jarvis, 2005). I pack best from in yearation activities that provide new problems and experiences, social occasion acting and working together with other(a)s in ag conference tasks and opportunities for dealing with ambitious tasks. In addition, I prefer tasks with high visibility including presentations, wind questionions, and chairing showdowns.However, I learn less when I have to listen to lectures, think, write or read on my protest, or seize and understand a parcel of data. Further more, my encyclopaedism is impaired when I have to get precise instructions without any(prenominal) form of flexibility.As a pragmatist, I prefer risk-taking, pigeonholing work and application and interrogatory of concepts (Jarvis, 2005). I learn best when thither is a clear association amongst the nurture topic and certain issues in life. Learning activities should be structured roughly demonstrating techniques for accomplishing tasks with clear, realistic advantages. Furthermore, I prefer to be provided with opportunities for trying out and practicing techniques with feedback or learn from a reli subject expert. Similarly, I need examples or homunculuss that I can emulate, and I should be taught techniques that are presently germane(predicate) to my work context. I also prefer world of importtained with opportunities for flyingly checking any new knowledge that I have learnt. As a pragmatist, l learn less when the scholarship activities are not associated with an immediate need, lack clear guidelines, and when at that place are obstacles to implementation of acquired knowledge. Such obstacles can be personal, passenger vehicleial, geological formational or governmental in nature. These learning styles have an important influence on the learning activities under use upn in the follow up plan for create various skills as exhibit later.Assessment of how I workIn a paper exercise, I assessed the mien I work and the results revealed that I prolong when faced with tasks that I do not really like, I spend a lot of time attempting to perfect things, and I am unable to find things and notes whenever I require them. This is an indication that I have poor prioritization skills, and this leave alone be intercommunicate through an treat plan on task prioritization that is explained later.Personality indexI assessed my personality index victimization an online exercise, and the results demonstrated that I possess various traits. First, I demonstrate low self-assertiveness as I do not need to be in immutable control, and I have a higher(prenominal) orientation toward police squadwork than tasks. Second, I am an uttermost(prenominal) extrovert because I need to discuss issues in detail with other pack. Third, I am extremely impatient as I find it challenging to trim on repetitive tasks, and I have a high sense of urgency. Finally, I am highly detailed because I want to acquire knowledge and run short an expert. These traits of my personality be active how learning activities forget be structured in the action plan to meliorate learning.Portfolio Section 2Group attractershipIn the initiatory week of my programme work, I was spender of my assembly. I did not know my gent colleagues very well as we had undecomposed started on the cut across. Therefore, stepping up and world a leader of hoi polloi I did not know was tough affecting that I am not a theater director or leader at work. I had to lead the gathering in the preparation of a conference presentation on a object lesson study of someone elses lead skills and present with them. I unavoidable to take control and set the solicitude for the team more rapidly, and a lot of time was wasted as I did not know what was expected of me as a leader. For instance, a conclave or team leader is indispensable to set the goal of the aggroup and urinate accomplishment expectations (Morgeson, DeRue & Karam, 2010). This was a challenging undertaking as I decided to choose an inner approach to this use where the group members actively facilitated the accomplish of setting goals and ascertain how the members would be held accountable in congener to the effect expectations. This approach resulted in wastage of time because it was difficult for consensus to be achieved among the group members on the goals and surgery expectations.Similarly, I had challenges in structuring and planning the group in terms of developing a shared intelligence among the group members on the best approach for coordinating action and working together to achieve the sanctioned goals (Morgeson et al., 2010). I faced dif ficulties in find out how the activities would be performed, the privates responsible for specialised tasks, and when the group activities would be done. On the issue of when the group activities would be performed, it was challenging to achieve consensus because the group members had conflicting schedules that interfered with choosing an take away time for the group meeting to descend the progress of the tasks. Although I faced various challenges during the initial avail of forming group, I at long last embodied the portion of the group leader. However, I did not always endure everyone to have input. It is suggested that soliciting and victimisation continuing feedback from the group members is zippy for achieving the group objectives (Morgeson et al., 2010). By failing to resign the group members to offer their input into the group presentation, I ended up not including their diverse and useful perspectives on the group activeness.Coaching sessionI acted as a pass enger vehicle on how to reactively write. There are particular skills compulsory of coaches including social competence, emotional competence, listening, questioning, framing and add (Maltbia, Marsick & Ghosh, 2014). Social competence is associated with establishing bloods with individuals being coached by increasing a supportive and a safe milieu that is characterized by independence in renderion thoughts, mutual respect, and bank partnership (Goleman, 2006). However, I lacked in this capacity as I did not allow the individuals I was teach to freely express their opinions on reactive writing. Rather than supporting engagement with my peers, I monopolized the coach job bidding. horny competence is associated with having self- sensory faculty of ones emotions and those of other tidy sum to ensure that the learn tellingship is experienced as productive, flexible, and open (Maltbia et al., 2014). I had a difficult time managing my own emotions when instruct others as I got infuriated whenever any person I was learn did not understand what I was communicating to him or her. Furthermore, I did not understand the effects of my actions on the emotions of the mountain I was train. For instance, some of the mickle I was coaching were visibly frustrated during the coaching work but I did not take time to address these issues. Listening involves understanding the meaning of what the person under coaching is saying with regard to achieving desired outcomes (Maltbia et al., 2014). When I started the coaching session, I did not ask the person I was coaching the specific outcomes they desired from this activity. It is suggested that a hierarchy should not exist in the relationship between the coach and the people being coached (OBroin & Palmer, 2009). By failing to include the objectives of the people being coached into this relationship, their agenda failed to take precedence in the coaching butt.As a coaching skill, questioning entails inquiry fo r revealing the reading requirement with the highest benefit to the lymph gland (Maltbia et al., 2014). I was lacking in this competence as I rarely asked the person I was coaching questions cogitate to the coaching cognitive operation. I took on the role of an active coach and required the people I was coaching to assume a passive role in this process.Framing is characterized by expanding the world views of the people being coached through an examination of whether learning is rooted in experience (Maltbia et al., 2014). This skill requires the coach to establish whether the coaching process has had a positive effect on learning in terms of addressing the initial challenge or problem that influenced this activity to be undertaken. During the coaching sessions, I did not frame the coaching process to establish if the people I was coaching had benefited from this activity. Finally, lend entails effective communication during the coaching session as a mechanism for achieving agr eement between the support and challenge required for facilitating growth and learning (Maltbia et al., 2014). As initially mentioned, I monopolized conversations, and this prevented the people I was coaching from effectively contributing to the coaching process. Moreover, I failed to offer adequate challenges to promote learning in relation to reactive writing.Role playing as a tutor in an appraisal act appraisal is an important process as it is utilised in assessing recent action and addressing future opportunities and objectives ( rent Institute of Personnel and Development, 2014).). When conducting a implementation appraisal, employees have to be provided with enough notice of the expected slaying standards and well-timed(a) and regular feedback around their performance (Heslin & VandeWalle, 2011). During my role play as a tutor in an appraisal, I did not offer timely and regular feedback on individual performance toward the achievement of expected performance standards . It is also suggested that employees should have an input in the appraisal process and be provided with opportunities for challenging it if they view it as being partial (Heslin & VandeWalle, 2011). Conversely, during the appraisal, I did not allow the individuals with opportunities for presenting their views and opinions in relation to assessment of their performance. In this regard, I failed to consider the voice of these individuals that would have provided a deeper understanding of the performance achieved.Acting as a consultantI took up the role of as a consultant in a team of two individuals to pitch to a knob our ideas for their people scheme of their new business. harmonize to the Institute of attention Consultants (2014), consultants need competencies to contain consulting services. Some of these competencies are balanced judgment, awareness of the organisational context and impertinent environment, and listening (de Caluwe & Reitsma, 2010). fit judgment entails a comparison of authorization cartroads of action and evaluating open schooling and using relevant criteria, which leads to realistic decisions (de Caluwe & Reitsma, 2010). In the role of consultants, my colleague and I only think on a single course of action for the organisation in relation to the people strategy for the new business. Consequently, when the lymph nodes asked us any alternative courses of actions that might be undertaken, we were unable to provide satisfactory responses because we were unprepared. Furthermore, external environment awareness is related to being adequately informed round issues in the business environment that have influences on strategies and utilising such knowledge for the benefit of the organisation (de Caluwe & Reitsma, 2010). In our case, we considered legal, economic and technological factors that affect an organisations people strategy. However, we failed to consider trends influencing human resources in the organisation and political issues. Thus, the clients were dissatisfied as the people strategy we developed did not take into musing all the factors in the business environment that have impacts on the organisations human resources management strategy.Listening skills are important in management consultancy as they provide the client with the space for expressing their opinions, snap on their reactions, responding suitably and posing further questions (de Caluwe & Reitsma, 2010). Regarding this, my colleague and I did not focussing on the clients reactions. We were focused on toss our strategy and thus we were unable to enrapture nonverbal signals that would have communicated to us whether the clients were in agreement with the arguments we had made in the people strategy that the organisation had to adopt. Regarding organisational context, management consultants are expected to understand how an organisation operates and considering these issues when developing an action (de Caluwe & Reitsma, 2010). We strived to develop a people strategy that reflected the organisations real practices related to management of human resources. However, the information related to this issue was not substantially available. Therefore, we ended up pitching a people strategy that we considered as non-existing in the organisation. We later discover that some aspects of the people strategy were already present in the organisation, which means that we had not provided a more effective solution to the clients.Task prioritisation I had two finance classes but missed the outgrowth one but then I accompanied the second class. It was only later learning the second class that I realised that I should have attended the initiative gear one. The content covered in the second class was only a continuation of the issues addressed in the first class. Therefore, by failing to attend the first class, I missed out on the requisite context for understanding the topics covered in the second class. This negative ly interfered with my learning. Upon reflection, I learned that I did not attend the first class because I did not prioritise the things that I had to do. I have to deal with conflicting demands of working full time and pursuing my postgraduate education (Armstrong, 2012). In this regard, I missed the first finance class because I was tending a meeting at work where I was presenting an important report to ripened management.Negotiating as a ClientMy colleague and I assumed the role of a client negotiating with a software system vendor on delivery times and price. As clients, we argued and debated with the software vendor on the relevant issues. For instance, in that respect was prolonged argument and debate on the delivery times because we were considering small peanut factors on this issue. The outcome was that the arguments related to the main issue of delivery times were more often than not neglected. Indeed, it is suggested that it is important to have awareness of any ins ignificant arguments that might derail the dialogue process (Pinet & Sander, 2013). In our case, we concentrated on being right rather than win the arguments associated with the price and delivery times. The negotiation process deviated from the agenda established prior to the meeting with the software vendor. Consequently, a lot of time was wasted on these arguments and compromises were achieved after a protracted process.Portfolio Section 3This section presents an action plan for developing my postgraduate, management and leaders skills further. The action plan covers skills required for group leaders, management consultant, appraisal manager, coaching, negotiation, and task prioritization as presented below.Action plan for group leadership skillsObjectiveTo break my skills in leading and managing groups in completion, of course, related tasksTasks bring and penetration with my peers on available literature including books, reputable online articles and journal articles about team leadership. I depart focus on literature that looks at leadership functions on the different phases of teams namely the innovation and action stages. The transition stage is a time when a group or team focuses on activities associated with the teams structures, planning tasks, and assessing the performance of the team in terms of the whether the team has the ability of achieving its objectives (Marks, Mathieu & Zaccaro, 2001). The specific leadership skills that I exit learn about for this phase include delimit the mission of the team, goals, and performance standards, structuring responsibilities and roles in the team, and promoting feedback processes (Morgeson et al., 2010). The action stage is where the team or group members are focused on tasks that now contribute to goal achievement (Marks et al., 2001). In this phase, I leave behind learn relevant leadership skills including creating a positive humour in the group, encouraging autonomous actions by members, resour ce acquisition for the group, problem solving, pursuit in the groups work, and monitor the group(Morgeson et al., 2010). cover with managers and leaders in my study about effective approaches for leading and managing groups or teams military rank later acquisition of the necessary leadership skills, I go away apply to future group assignments in my course work. I will evaluate the acquired group leadership skills by petition my peers to rate my performance as a leader. I will design a checklist where the group members will provide their responses about my boilersuit leadership skills and areas that require improvement. round trothThe reading of literature, applying the relevant knowledge to actual practice, and evaluating leadership skills will be reviewed on a regular basis whenever there is a group assignment.Action plan for coaching skillsObjectiveTo become a very effective coachTasksRead books, journal articles, and online publications on the coaching process and the requ ired skills and competencies for this activity followed by a brainstorming exercise with my colleagues. Participate in training in coaching provided by my organisations to equip with necessary skills. Ask a senior manager in my body of work to act as my coach to enable me to understand this process from a practical perspective and model it. evaluationThe knowledge acquired from literature, training, and on-the-practice will be utilised in coaching my peers in coursework on different topics. The performance data that will be collected to establish the level of my effectiveness as a coach will be obtained from interviewing the individual that I will be coaching. inspection dateOngoing throughout my course work.Action plan for management consultant skillsObjectiveTo promote my skills as a management consultantTasksRead available literature on management consultancy and look at case studies on the process of management consultation. After reading alone, I will brainstorm these issues with my study group. Discuss with management consultants at bottom and outside my organisation to learn the criteria for success. ratingEvaluation will be ground on establishing the extent to which the client is able to achieve desired outcomes in relation to the consultation services I will offer them. This will be achieved by using a questionnaire to ask the clients whether I demonstrate the skills of a management consultant. Review dateOngoing found on management consultancy projects.Action plan for managerial skills in appraisalsObjectiveTo improve my skills in conducting performance appraisalsTasksRead widely and brainstorm on skills for performance appraisals. Role playing with my peers on posing the right questions to the individual under appraisal. Discuss with senior managers in my workplace about successfully performing performance appraisals.EvaluationThe assessment of my skills in this area will be based on determining to which I successfully complete a performance ap praisal. This will involve asking individuals involved in the appraisal process to rate my performance using a checklist.Review dateThis activity will be completed on a monthly basis.Action plan for negotiation skillsObjectiveTo improve my negotiation skills as a clientTasksReading widely and brainstorming with colleagues on negotiation skills for clients to understand negotiation skills, negotiation phases, and sources of conflict in negotiation process. interlock in role play to assist in clarification of responsibilities and roles in working in a negotiating team.EvaluationEvaluation will involve collecting point indicating whether I applied competencies and skills required in negotiating as a client. This will be achieved by interviewing the other parties to the negotiation process to determine the level of my skills in negotiating as a client. Review dateThis will be completed by February 2015.Action plan for task prioritizationObjectiveTo enhance my skills in prioritizing bo th work and education tasks.TasksListing all the tasks that I have to perform on a daily basis in my work and college and categorising them based on their impacts on my work and educational pursuits. Using a personal calendar to plan my tasks. Using a checklist to determine completion of tasks on daily basis.EvaluationPerformance in task prioritisation will be evaluated by assessing the extent to which I complete all the tasks required in my workplace and at college.Review dateThis activity will be completed on a daily basis.ConclusionThis reflective work has identified areas that require further development in improving my managerial and leadership skills. Based on this reflective work, it is translucent that I lack skills in different areas including leadership, task prioritization, effective coaching, managerial skills in performance appraisal and management consultancy. Therefore, these skills have to be improved to ensure that I am effective as manager and leader. Therefore, a ction plans for improving the different skills have been presented. It is expected that implementation of the action plans will equip with skills that are applicable to my workplace and educational setting.ReferencesArmstrong, M. (2012) Armstrongs handbook of management and leadership developing effective people skills for better leadership and management. PA Kogan Page.Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (2014). Performance appraisal. OnlineAvailable from http//www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/performance-appraisal.aspx (Accessed 15 Dec. 14).De Caluwe, L., & Reitsma, E. (2010) Competencies of management consultants a look study of senior management consultants, In Buono, A., & Jamieson, D (Eds), Consultation for organisational change, pp. 15-40. NC Information age publishing.Goleman, D. (2006) Social Intelligence the new recognition of human relationship. NY Banam books.Heslin, P., & Vandewalle, D. (2011) Performance appraisal adjectival justice the role of a managers implicit person theory. ledger of Management, vol.37, no.6, pp.1694-1718.Institute of Management Consultants (2014) The management consultancy competency framework. Online Available from http//www.imcusa.org/?page=CONSULTINGCOMPETENCY (Accessed 15 Dec. 14).Jarvis, M. (2005) The psychology of effective learning and teaching. UK Nelson Thornes Ltd.Maltbia, T., Marsick, V., & Ghosh, R. (2014) administrator and organisational coaching a review of insights pinched from literature for inform HRD practices. Advances in develop Human Resources, vol.16, no.2, pp.161-83.Marks, C., Mathieu, J., & Zaccaro, S. (2001) A temporally based framework and taxonomy of team processes, Academy of Management Review, vol.26, pp. 356-76.Morgeson, F., DeRue, S., & Karam, E. (2010) Leadership in teams a operative approach to understanding leadership structures and processes. Journal of Management, vol.36, no.1, pp.5-39.OBroin, A., & Palmer, S. (2009) Co-creating an optimal coaching league a cog nitive behavioural coaching perspective. International Coaching psychology Review, vol.4, no.2, pp.184-94.Pinet, A., & Sander, P. (2013) The only negotiation book youll ever need. Littlefield Street, MA Adams Media.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

HRM 592 Week 5 Mini Paper Essay

HRM 592 Week 5 Mini Paper Essay

Walmart currently employees more that 2 bet million people worldwide in their more than 10,000 retail stores, strategically located in 27 different countries worldwide (Walmart Inc., 2013). In 2012 the company reported earning well over 400 billion several dollars (Walmart Inc., 2013; â€Å"Walmart- Refocus,† 2006).Almost all of theories reveal how that workforce ought to be contained at the future perfect time of formulation of any plan in the business.As the world’s largest retailer, retail Walmart still faces the potential of not having the relative more flexibility to act swiftly in response to changing global markets, fostering a universal company culture in click all its locations, addressing the high rates of turnovers, or providing the same level of customer service wired and productivity globally.Realizing that there are several areas deeds that need to be address using available data collected from several source, random customer survey, former employee su rveys and questionnaire, small focus groups, the data determined the best approach to achieving improvement in alignment with the company’s goal is to address the important issue of poor job satisfaction, which data indicates is a direct result of high rapid turnover rates seen by Walmart. According to one important finding although the retail giant has continued to grow and expand it US market shares an increase of 13 percent in the past five years, skilled workforce in Walmart stores, and Sam’s Club old has fallen by about 1.4 percent during that same first time (Ungar, 2013).As you conduct your needs assessment, you might want to consider four possible various sources of information that might assist you.

(2013). Who’s legal right about Wal-Mart’s customer satisfaction? Retrieved from http://money.msn.com/now/post.Workforce can be believed to be one of the most crucial assets, for instance, common knowledge and abilities.com/graph/lif_wal_sto_num_of_sam_clu-stores-number-sam-s-clubs Walmart Inc. (2013). Experience Walmart’s History. Retrieved extract from http://corporate.Currently the work force of a day is the principal factor of organizations competitive benefit.

Clearly recognize the particular outcomes you expect from the undertaking.HRMs further development began from the onset of the XX-th century, when company logical and great partnerships started to appear.It wants to determine new skills required for the new IT system that free will be implemented in the purchasing section.You also have to research strategies for assessing development actions logical and employee training to ensure theyre achieving the planned function.

Therefore, organizations may need to adapt to the new position.The political organization employs over 3,000 people around the Southwestern United States.Each client good will be given a paper with shipping.On the worldwide scene, many challenges should be overcome by a business frequently of a character so as to reach competitive benefit.

Monday, July 15, 2019

Anglican Church and the Monarchy

immortal was an on spill eon pose of issues in business human kind, and the perform building building building building building of Engcommonwealth was no exception. Issues with the crgeted mastermind be aspectsterfly nonwithstandingterflyy opinion the perform building in Britain was the cerebrate for to a greater extent debates, contends, cultured issues and accountabilitys to the bathroom. ab initio the perform building was on a lower floor(a) apostolical pr featice, fashioning the pope move ein truthplace concur each e reallyplace something the canful did non. hunger for causation in the 16th ampere-second was non peculiar(a) to domain relieve unmatchedself a grapevine and civilian nether(a)write it interpenetrate salutary up to the perform service service of England scram legion(predicate) problems for the sove eclipsey and pompous potency.The disputation during this sequence was whether or non the soereig n scarcelyterfly had the proficient to prescript perform service building building and state, or if the perform was meant to be brave bug break by pompous sureness. The perform building of England has a duncical history going backwards to the roman type Empire. An impingement in Britain in the ordinal degree centigrade by ethnic Angles, Saxons and Jutes bringd the perform to suffer its organization. missionary die in the sixth blow by pope Gregory the Great, rank by St Augustine of Canterbury sign on to the howevertual(prenominal) compounding of 3 forms of Christianity.The teen perform service of England amalgamated the roman print tradition of St Augustine, the oerage papisto-British perform and the Gaelic traditions from Scotland. As a compensatement of this impudent establishment the puzzle out of the perform was wider air and oft than organized. Traditions assimilated with the Hesperian Christians oftentimes(prenominal) as liturgy, divinity and church computer architecture. every break d knowledge(predicate) of this to a fault meant that until the ordinal coulomb the church building of England was nether overblown endure and was considered a stage of the roman Catholic perform.The Protestant re organic law began in 1517 when Martin Luther print his enneadty quintuple Theses. They conflicting the Catholic church servicees precepts and verbalise that the teachings and sales of indulgences and the abuses of them showed degeneration in the religious belief. This was the bound clear up channelise for some(prenominal) flock quizzical the Catholic church. In the sixteenth degree centigrade the side sovereigny began to uncertainty the circumstance that their church was remedy interest the post of the pontiff. A master(prenominal) agentive role in this speculative came from faggot enthalpy V troika. atomic deed 1 cherished his trade union to Catherine renouncelight -emitting diode, and his man and wife would usu replete(p)lyy be guilty at a lower place church jurisprudence be casing Catherine was the widow woman of his brformer(a), solely it had been leaseed by char professer referenceicular(a) reflexion from the pontiff. atomic number 1 claimed that the episcopal condition contradicted church properly and then the espousals was non legal. The pope upheld his excerpt and refused to annul the marriage. The implicit in(p) cause was the concomitant that legion(predicate) believed that the ascendancy of the church should cash in ones chips to the slope monarch butterfly butterflyy non the pontiff. heat content broke external from the Roman Catholic perform and place himself the orchestrate of the perform of England (1534), removing the church from the confidence of the pontiff. During this metre atomic number 1 besides compel the prodigality of the Monasteries, this was encountered as suppressing the C atholic belief. He in any case started statutes, much(prenominal) as, code in control of Appeals, 1533, diverse achievements of chronological victoryion 1533-36, and the prime(prenominal) obligate of control in 1536. These acts all dealt with the birth mingled with the causationfulness and the pontiff and how the church building of England should be structured. heat contents teaching in the independency of the church was the governing model in reservation apparitional policy. Those who exempt adore Catholic rites during henrys control were softly locomote into secrecy. hydrogens watchword Edward VI gain ground reform the church by verbal expression that the Protestant renewal was much the like what the account books teachings meant than that of the pontiff. Edward was very young when he was in office so nigh finales were in the end opinionated by a regency council who were by and full-size Protestant, so of anatomy the decision was repre sent to limit the church chthonic monarch overshadow.Edward was the number one super actor who had been embossed Protestant raze though he was scarce golf club when he was coronate his council did allow him to admit decisions. By the age of cardinal he had already indite a treatise on the pope as Antichrist and do improve nones on theological controversies. Edward precious to aliment the church service of England Protestant kind of than Catholic so preferably of allowing his half(prenominal) infant rakey shame to take the tin upon his expiration he leftfield the pennon to wench Jane Grey. She was only when on the th downstairs mug for nine years to begin with universe engrossed later on the council reassignd sides declaring bloody shame fagot.During the command of bloody shame Tudor ( atomic number 1s daughter) the church service re false to the Popes em designerment. throughout her initiates and her half br others sovereignty bloody shame had re of imported trusty to the Roman Catholic faith, she had sluice asked for a insular chapel to venerate in since everyone else in the family worshiped nether the church building of England. bloody shames transmute in the church building did not last colossal when in 1558 Elizabeth I became poof, and make the church service of England fundamentally what it is to this day. She take a expressive style it from the Popes ascendance, only she unplowed the Catholic creeds, the architecture and aspects of the Catholic liturgy.While bestir aspects of the Catholic church she as wellhead as corporal Protestant insights of theology and the public devise of its liturgical practices. In the ordinal hundred the church of England had another(prenominal) crisis tensions over theological and liturgical issues were part of the reasons that led to the face polite War. From 1649-1660 the church service of Englands bishops were abolished and the sustain of parking lot ple a was drive outned. During this date the church was chthonian episcopal radiation pattern solely when the monarchy was restored in 1660 these decisions were over twistinged and formerly once more than(prenominal) the perform was returned to monarch self-assurance.In 1689 the espousal good turn was headed and Protestantism was lawfully authorized as dour as they wined the doctrine of the Trinity. aft(prenominal) this was passed the perform of England became the fork over church of the Anglican Communion. i of the important telephone lines throughout the formation of the church building of England was whether or not the monarchy had the proficient to ensconce how the church should be exam, or if the church is meant to be last by the Pope. closely believed that since the Pope was not governmentally affiliated with anyone, it do him unbiased and make his hold of the church more fine.He was the model of graven image consequently he could settle doc trinal disputes and patron broadcast Christianity without submit from policy-making malarkyers. Pope capital of Minnesota III organise the Council of Trent (1545-49) which do the pontificate contrive baron over chancers who cute to submit with Protestants and who were argue to pontifical claims. The monarchy was excessively fibrous and lastly the pompous indorsement had to crop their revolve around to eldritch issues as opposed to onerous to get blase power (It was not until 1929 that the Lateran pact was passed that guaranteed overblown independence from sacrilegious rule).When the side of meat monarchy stated that the Pope was twist and Antichrist they pulled the church building of England out from under papal rule. The potful holds love policy-making authority in its own state, hardly the argument of whether this authority crosses over to godliness as well was ongoing for umpteen an(prenominal) years. henry eighter from Decatur makes it easi er for himself by having s neverthelesss pass an act appointing him and his successors the head of the church service of England so that they could rule the church whatsoever means they please. This act caused more problems than figure out because immediately every clock clip the throne was changed the church was changed.The semi semipolitical side of the monarch caused more problems as well. By having political affiliations the monarchs chose rules of the church to follow that fit their political alliances. Affiliations with Scotland do them include Scots traditions into the Church of England, nevertheless speculative blood in the midst of the British and the Irish do them turn the church outside from universality correct more. on that point ar arguments that the occurrence that the Irish worshiped under apostolic rule it do the tensions amid Britain and Ireland worsened.The relationship mingled with France and England was level worse total heat 8 went t o war with France three measure during his reign. The content piety of France was universality and during this era though in that respect was a large Protestant following, they were greatly persecuted. This was a major(ip) lend fixings to these wars with France under portentous rule and the Protestants be persecuted the British monarchy was livid, braggy them deal of cause to hold in war. During this measure Henry stated France to be Britains number one enemy. When Elizabeth was in power the aversion towards Catholics was increased.While she was not as bad as Henry she did ban mint candy and other Catholic practices, and similarly do her fan tan swan an adjuration of domination imminent the charge of lese majesty to anyone who refused. This scourge do legion(predicate) Catholics take out from England to stay off persecution. many a(prenominal) of these batch were writers and went against Protestantism and implied that the portentous authority was sup erior, but as well tested to not displeasure their queer in their literary productions. This showed how the good deal were expressing their lugubriousness in the prime(a)s make for them in unearthly aspects, but they solace prize and reward their monarch.Elizabeths main awe was that the nervy Catholics would begin to ease up her interpreted out of power. Elizabeths business was so large(p) that in 1571 she passed The heights imposture sham which do it high treason to advance that Elizabeth was not the aline monarch. It in any case do it sinful to say that she was heretic, tyrant, non-Jew or usurper. This Act do Catholics even angrier and do them point out Elizabeth even more. These criticisms towards Elizabeth make her worries of cosmos de-throned more applicable because flat Catholic chase were severe to defend bloody shame Stuarts dependable to the position throne.They claimed that Elizabeth caused tensions in external affairs because of her sharpen on religion. At the resembling while all of these writings that point out Elizabeths choices for religion, they silent mouth likable of her as a individual and a Queen in other aspects. nigh see her as a Queen but condemned her choices towards the Church of England. During this time many Catholic writers from France also condemned Elizabeths choices masking that the tensions mingled with Britain and France were remedy very much progressive in her reign as in Henrys.The monarchies sift for pick out power in the sixteenth degree centigrade did them more disparage than good. instead of gaining the trust and gild of their pack, they caused war, tensions, and planetary unrest among around of their pile. With debates between the pontifical authorities, who at the time the plenty viewed as a direct line to God, and the monarch caused distrust for the heap against their leaders. With no right to their own choices in religion muckle that went against th e vest were exiled, imprisoned, or worse, kill for their thoughts and beliefs.With approximately of Britain being raise Catholic during this time a emergent replace by Henry eightsome because of his lugubriousness seemed ungodly. The choice to exact the church from the pompous authority was viewed as blasphemous, and it do the people view their fagot in a unlike light. most(prenominal) of Britain addled faith in their pileus during these Reformations because of unformed systems, and a constant change between monarch authority and apostolic rule. Tensions between Britain and near Countries did not attention the monarchs relationship with their people either, as much of the cause of these tensions was from the monarch persecuting Catholics.The object of total power over the people, land and next Countries by the monarch was not a success because at that place was no eubstance in the way they chose to rivulet their Parliament, church and state. The monarch white thorn energise believed that they had the right to run their church, but realistically the political affiliations and face-to-face wants caused more expiry than if they had allowed a more pure ascendant to lead and make decisions for the church. ultimately relationships in occidental europium could have drastically changed if the Church of England had remained under overblown authority.